Semester 1 Week 2

Question 1

What is Iodine used for and what is Iodine deficiency called?

Answer 1

Iodine is used for production of thyroid hormones.

Iodine deficiency is HYPOthyroidism

Question 2

What is Iron used for and what is Iron deficiency called?

Answer 2

Iron is part of haemoglobin structure.

Iron deficiency is called Anaemia.

Question 3

What are radioisotopes?

Answer 3

Radioisotopes are unstable radioactive isotopes that give off particles/energy.

Question 4

What are radioisotopes used for?

Answer 4

Radioisotopes are used for:
1) Disease diagnosis (imaging)
2) Disease treatment (I 131 used for thyroid cancer and HYPERthyroidism)
3) Assessment of disease severity
4) Treatment monitoring

Question 5

Give an example of how radioisotopes are used for imaging.

Answer 5

PET scan is imaging technique that produces 3D image of functional processes in body.

Done by detecting gamma rays emitted by radioisotope (tracer) introduced into body as part of biologically active molecule (e.g: F18-FDG)

NOT NEEDED: cancer cells more active than normal ones, radioisotope injected into vein, PET scanner shows where glucose used up in brain. Cancer cells show up brighter as they use more glucose than normal cells.

Question 6

How are Hydrogen bonds formed?

Answer 6

Hydrogen bonds form when the slightly negative oxygen of one water molecule is attracted to the slightly positive hydrogen of nearby molecule

Question 7

What are their 4 properties of water that make Earth fit for survival?

Answer 7

1) Cohesion
2) Temperature moderation
3) Evaporative cooling
4) Versatility as solvent

Question 8

Why is ice being less dense than water a good thing?

Answer 8

Ice being less dense than water is a good thing because ice floats in water and insulates the body of water underneath. This allows life to exist in frozen lakes.

Question 9

REMEMBER - Solute is the substance that is DISSOLVED

Answer 9

REMEMBER - Solvent is the DISSOLVING AGENT (Water is a solvent).

Question 10

What are the prefixes of the metric system?

Answer 10

Kilo - 10^3
Deci - 10^2
Centi -10^-2
Milli - 10^-3
Micro - 10^-6
Nano - 10^-9

Question 11

What is the blood sugar level unit in the UK?

Answer 11

The blood sugar level unit in the UK is mmol/litre - millimoles per litre.

Question 12

What is the blood sugar level unit in the USA?

Answer 12

The blood sugar level unit in the USA is mg/dL - milligrams per decilitre.

Decilitre - 100ml