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Biology MED-103 > Semester 1 Week 1 > Flashcards

Semester 1 Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 properties of living organisms?

A

1) Composed of cells
2) Reproduction
3) Growth and development
4) Capable of energy processing
5) Respond to stimuli in environment
6) Regulate internal conditions (Homeostasis)
7) Evolutionary adaptation

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2
Q

What is the biological hierarchy? (Levels of organisation)

A

Molecule -> Organelle -> Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ system -> Organism -> Population -> Community -> Ecosystem -> Biome -> Biosphere (planet)

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3
Q

Taxonomy, How are living organisms classified?

A

Domain -> Kingdom -> Phylum -> Class -> Order -> Family -> Genus -> Species

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4
Q

Why are animals called heterotrophs?

A

Animals are called heterotrophs because they don’t perform photosynthesis, they get their energy from food (they eat plants and other animals).

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5
Q

What is an organelle?

A

An organelle is a specialised subunit in a cell that has a specific function (e.g. mitochondria).

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6
Q

What is a cell?

A

A cell is the basic structural unit of all forms of life. The cell is the lowest level of organisation that can perform all activities required for life.

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7
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A tissue is a group of similar cells that carry out a specific function together.

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8
Q

What is an organ?

A

An organ is a group of tissues that perform a specific function in the body (e.g. heart).

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9
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A group of organs that work together to perform a function in organisms body.

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10
Q

What is an organism?

A

An organism is any living thing that functions as an individual.

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11
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of organisms of the same species living in the same area

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12
Q

What is a community?

A

A community consists of groups of different species living in the same area.

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13
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

An ecosystem consists of multiple communities and their physical environment (e.g. coral reef).

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14
Q

What is a biome?

A

A biome is a large area defined by distinct characteristics (e.g tropical rainforest).

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15
Q

What is a producer?

A

A producer is an organism that converts light energy into chemical energy by doing photosynthesis.

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16
Q

What is a consumer?

A

A consumer is an organism that feeds on producers and other consumers, they can’t do photosynthesis.

17
Q

What are genes?

A

A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for the production of a specific protein.

18
Q

What is the genome?

A

The genome is the entire set of genetic information in a cell.

19
Q

What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus which contains the DNA of the cell. They also have membrane bound organelles.

20
Q

What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus or any membrane bound organelles. Their DNA is in the cytoplasm.

21
Q

What are the three domains that organisms can be divided into?

A

The three domains that organisms can be divided into are Eukarya, Bacteria and Archaea.

22
Q

What are the 4 kingdoms that eukarya are divided into?

A

The 4 kingdoms that eukarya are divided into are:
1) Plants
2) Animals
3)Fungi
4) Protists

23
Q

How are fungi categorised?

A

Fungi are categorised by their nutritional mode - they absorb nutrients after releasing extracellular enzymes that digest organic material.

24
Q

What is evolution?

A

Evolution is changes in organisms over successive generations over time.

25
Q

How does natural selection work?

A

Natural selection works like this:
Due to random mutations in DNA, organisms have different traits that make them better suited to their environment. This means they are more fit for survival and they would reproduce, passing on their genes. This increases the number of individuals with better traits.

26
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

The scientific method goes as follows:

Observation -> Hypothesis -> Prediction -> Test -> Accept/Reject/Edit Hypothesis

27
Q

What is the independent variable?

A

The independent variable is what we change in the experiment.

28
Q

What is the dependent variable?

A

The dependent variable is what we measure in the experiment.

29
Q

What is the control variable?

A

The control variable is what we keep the same in the experiment.

Control variables are kept constant to ensure nothing else influences the dependent variable.

30
Q

Why do you need to repeat an experiment multiple times with the same conditions?

A

You need to repeat an experiment multiple times with the same conditions to see if the results are consistent.

Biology MED-103 (7 decks)

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