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Jarvis > Semester 1 Test > Flashcards

Semester 1 Test Flashcards

1
Q

distance

A

a measurement of how far apart objects are

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2
Q

speed

A

the rate of change of distance (how fast an object is moving)

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3
Q

mass

A

a measure of how much matter there is in an object

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4
Q

force

A

a pull or push

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5
Q

energy

A

this is measured in joules and is needed to make anything happen

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6
Q

kinetic energy

A

the tendency of an object to resist changes in motion

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7
Q

gravitational potential energy

A

energy stored in an object due to its position

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8
Q

energy efficiency

A

the ratio of useful energy output compared to total energy input

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9
Q

List some of the different types of forces that you know.

A

friction, weight, air resistance, magnetic forces, electrostatic forces, buoyancy.

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10
Q

List three things that forces can do

A
  • start something moving
  • stop something moving
  • speed something up
  • slow something down
  • change an object ’s direction or
  • change an object ’s shape
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11
Q

Explain what happens to an object when the forces are balanced..

A

When forces are balanced an object ’s motion does not change. The object may be stationary or if the object is moving then it is moving at a constant speed.

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12
Q

Describe how using a mobile phone affects a driver’s reaction time.

A

Using a hands-free mobile device lengthens a driver’s reaction time.

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13
Q

(b) State the two comparisons made by the researchers to describe the effect of this altered reaction time.

A

Reaction times of young adult drivers can be slowed to levels seen among senior citizens,
and drivers using mobile telephones are as impaired as drivers who are legally drunk.

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14
Q

2 Name two driving behaviours that the researchers found were more likely to occur when a driver was speaking on a mobile phone than talking to a passenger

A

to drift out of their lanes and
miss exits

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15
Q

3 Explain why speaking to a person in a car is not as distracting as having a conversation on a mobile phone while driving.

A

When speaking to a person in the car, this person can act as a second set of eyes for the driver. Because they are aware of the driving situation, the passenger can assist the driver by navigating, can alert the driver of hazards or can pause their conversation when the driver needs to concentrate more fully.

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16
Q

Advantages of using a hands-free mobile device while driving

A

making use of travel time by conversing with people
organising work schedules and appointments
For example, can check where you are meeting other people

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17
Q

Disadvantages of using a hands-free mobile device while driving

A

For example, not able to fully concentrate on the road
For example, more likely to miss exits or hazards

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18
Q

Newton’s second law of motion can be stated as:

A

Fnet = m × a

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19
Q

What is Fnet

A

the sum of all forces acting on an object in Newtons (N)

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20
Q

The equation for kinetic energy

A

Ek = 1/2 mv(squared)

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21
Q

Equation for gravitational potential energy

A

Ep = mgh g=9.8

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22
Q

Describe how the gravitational potential energy changes as people travel down reach halfway down a slope on a roller coaster

A

half of their gravitational potential energy has been converted into kinetic energy.

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23
Q

Assume something travels from point A to point C How would you work out kinetic energy at a point C if you have gravitational potential energy at point A and at point C

A

Kinetic energy is the difference between Ep at point A and EP at point C

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24
Q

The straight line distance between the finishing and the starting point, written with a direction

A

Displacement

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25
Q

Friction force produced by moving air (two words)

A

air resistance

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26
Q

The rate of change of distance

A

speed

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27
Q

Constant speed produced when air resistance balanced gravity (two words)

A

Terminal velocity

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28
Q

The rate of change of speed

A

accelaration

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29
Q

another name for newtons first law

A

inertia

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30
Q

the acceleration of an object depends upon the size of theforce acting and the object’s

A

mass

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31
Q

The unit used to measure energy

A

joule

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32
Q

The energy of a stretched or compressed spring is

A

elastic potential energy

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33
Q

A measure of the amount of useful energy produced

A

efficiency

34
Q

Formula for average acceleration

A

a = (v-u)/t

35
Q

Which has a greater effect on the kinetic energy of an object, its speed or its mass? Explain

A

Because the speed of the object is squared in this relationship, the speed of an object has a far greater effect on its kinetic energy compared to its mass.

36
Q

Explain what is meant by the term `the law of conservation of energy’

A

The law of conservation of energy describes the fact that energy can never be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed into different forms of energy.

37
Q

Chemical formula of hydrogen gas

A

H2

38
Q

Chemical formula of Hydrochloric acid

A

HCL

39
Q

Chemical formula of sodium chloride

A

NaCl

40
Q

Chemical formula of sulfuric acid

A

H(2)SO(2)

41
Q

Chemical formula of methane

A

CH(2)

42
Q

chemical reaction

A

When atoms are rearranged to produce one or more new substances

43
Q

reactants

A

the substances that react in a chemical reaction

44
Q

the name for the substances formed in a chemical reaction

A

products

45
Q

what ion does sodium form

A

sodium ion Na+ (the charge is important)

46
Q

what ion does chlorine form

A

chloride Cl- (the charge is important)

47
Q

what ion does oxygen form

A

oxide 02- (the charge is important)

48
Q

what ion does beryllium form

A

Beryllium ion Be(2+) 2 positive

49
Q

what ion does aluminium form

A

Aluminium ion Al(3+)

50
Q

which ion is NO3-

A

Nitrate

51
Q

which ion is OH-

A

Hydroxide

52
Q

which ion is SO4(2-)

A

sulphate

53
Q

Zac designed an experiment to measure the mass of 1 g of magnesium (Mg) as it burnt in oxygen gas (O2) to produce magnesium oxide (MgO) Construct particle model diagrams showing the atoms in the reactants and products before and after the reaction in Zac’s experiment.

A
54
Q

Zac designed an experiment to measure the mass of 1 g of magnesium (Mg) as it burnt in oxygen gas (O2) to produce magnesium oxide (MgO). Construct a word equation

A

magnesium + oxygen ➔ magnesium oxide

55
Q

Zac designed an experiment to measure the mass of 1 g of magnesium (Mg) as it burnt in oxygen gas (O2) to produce magnesium oxide (MgO). Construct a formula equation

A

2Mg(s) + O2(g) ➔ 2MgO(s)

56
Q

What type of chemical reaction happens when one reactant breaks apart to form two or more products

A

decomposition

57
Q

What type of chemical reaction happens when two aqueous solutions mix to produce a solid

A

precipitation

58
Q

What type of chemical reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce a salt and water

A

neutralisation

59
Q

how is the rate of chemical reactions can be controlled by the temperature

A

When the temperature is lowered, the particles travel slower. This means they collide less frequently and with less force and the rate of reaction is reduced.

60
Q

What are 5 things that change the rate of a chemical reaction

A

Temperature
Concentration of reactants
Surface area of reactants
Agitation
Catalysts

61
Q

Atoms are not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. Therefore, there must be the same number of atoms in the reactants as in the products of a chemical reaction. This law of science is known as

A

The law of conservation of mass

62
Q

Chemical reactions that release energy are known as

A

exothermic

63
Q

Chemical reactions that absorb energy are known as

A

endothermic

64
Q

Oxygen gas is often involved in exothermic reactions such as

A

combustion, respiration, and corrosion

65
Q

What is it called where one reactant breaks apart to form several products

A

decomposition

66
Q

Precipitation reactions are reactions where two _______ compounds in solution mix to form _________

A

soluble
solid (precipitate)

67
Q

example of a fast chemical reaction

A

explosion

68
Q

example of a slow chemical reaction

A

rust

69
Q

Nature produces its own chemical helpers called

A

enzymes

70
Q

what is carbon reduction

A

carbon compounds gain electrons or become less oxidized.
This means it is more stable

71
Q

Explain electrolysis

A
  1. electrolysis uses electricity to break down substances into their smaller parts.
  2. It’s like an electrical “splitting” process where positive charges go to one electrode, gain electrons, and become new substances,
    3 while negative charges go to the other electrode and also change into different substances.
72
Q

What is group 1 in the periodic table -some examples

A

Alkali metals are located in Group 1 of the Periodic Table and include elements such as lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and so on.

73
Q

Who discovered DNA

A

Johannes Friedrich Miescher

74
Q

what are the four types of nucleotide bases

A

adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).

75
Q

what did Chargaff discover

A

nucleotides are not arranged in the same order in all species

76
Q

who developed the double helix

A

Watson and Crick

77
Q

What is the building block of DNA

A

nucleotide

78
Q

The complementary base pairing rules state that

A

adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T)
and guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C).

79
Q

What are thread like structures made of DNA

A

chromosomes

80
Q

what is a gene

A

a section of DNA that carries the necessary information to code for a polypeptide
chain

81
Q

The complementary base pairing is based on

A

hydrogen bonding between the bases

Jarvis (12 decks)

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