science 2 Flashcards
the nervous system is split up into what 2 parts?
central and peripheral nervous system
the central nervous system includes
brain, spinal cord and nerve cells
dendr means
tree or branches
what does a dendrite do
A dendrite (tree branch) is where a neuron receives input from other cells.
what does an axon do?
sends passes messages in one direction
what does a knob do
it passes messages onto the next neurons (and does burnouts)
what are the 2 types of neurones
sensory and motor
what is a motor neurone
carries messages from CNS to effectors
what is an effector
muscles or glands
what does a sensory neurone do
carries messages from sensory organs to the CNS
sense organs are
organs which give us our five senses
how does your brain fires singular nerves
uses a chemical called a neurotransmitter
what is a neurotransmitter
a chemical that gets released between clefts of dendrites and axon which gets hit by the axon and then the axon generates an electrical current
homeostasis
The mechanisms involved in the maintenance of a stable, internal environment.
The body’s ability to physiologically regulate its inner environment to ensure its stability in response to fluctuations in the outside environment.
what is a receptor
something that recieves sensory effects.
Afferent pathway
The nerve pathway sending an electrochemical message from the receptors to the control center (hypothalamus of brain).
the system responsible for driving away malicous diseases
Immune System
endemic system
The bodily system responsible for fighting infection.
a disease caused by parasites of a plasmodium species.
malaria
a disease-causing organism, such as a bacterium or virus.
pathogen
Macrophage
a type of white blood which destroys invading particles by engulfing them.
antigen
a substance that is foreign to the body and causes an immune response.
disease
a particular abnormal condition resulting in a disorder of a structure or function that affects part or all of an organism.
Diseases that are contagious and are caused by pathogens.
infectious diseases
diseases that cannot be spread from one person to another and are therefore not contagious
non-infectious diseases
microscopic, single-celled organism.
bacteria
Able to be transmitted from one person or organism to another.
contagious
lymphocytes.
Small white cells play a role in the body’s immune response. They work on bacterial and viral infections.
neutrophils
cells that move around the body in the blood and seek out foreign material.
An organism that lives in or on another organism in the body and benefits by deriving nutrients at others’ expense.
parasite
pituitary gland
The endocrine gland that controls the activities of other endocrine glands; is often called the master gland.
The control system uses hormones to transmit information
endocrine system
The process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment.
homeostasis
hypothalamus
The portion of the brain that helps maintain homeostasis and acts as a bridge between the nervous and endocrine systems.
pancreas
a long, flat gland on the belly that sits behind the stomach and secretes insuline and glucagon.
chemical messengers secreted by the endocrine system.
hormones
endocrine glands situated on the kidney.
adrenal gland
a type of gland that senses changes in internal and external environment.
receptors
A change to the internal or external environment that is sensed by the body.
stimulus
the insulating layer that covers a neuron
myelin sheath
efferent pathways
hypothalamus to effectors.
