Semester 1 Review Flashcards
scalar
magnitude alone
vector
magnitude and direction
distance
“how much ground an object has covered” during its motion
example: distance = 12 meters
displacement (d, x, or y)
“how far out of place an object is”
change in position
example: displacement = 0 meters
SI unit of mass (m)
kilogram (kg)
SI unit of length
meter (m)
SI unit of time (t)
second (s)
acceleration (a)
“speeding up, slowing down, or turning”
change in velocity (magnitude or direction)
kilo- (k)
1000
milli- (m)
1/1000th
centi- (c)
1/100th
acceleration due to gravity (g)
-10 m/s2
units of acceleration (a)
m/s2
units of velocity (v)
m/s
linear relationship
y = x
squared relationship
y = x<span>2</span>
a.k.a. quadratic
inverse relationship
y = 1/x
inverse squared relationship
y = 1/x2
velocity (v)
“how fast an object is moving”
displacement per unit of time
cause of acceleration
net force (not 0)
inertia
resistance to change in motion
an object will maintain its state of rest or motion unless acted on by an external force
velocity of an object in free fall at its highest point
0 m/s
displacement vs. time graph
at rest
v = 0 m/s
displacement vs. time graph
constant velocity (v > 0 m/s)
velocity vs. time graph
constant velocity (v > 0 m/s)
a = 0 m/s2
velocity of an object at rest
0 m/s
acceleration of an object at constant velocity
0 m/s2
equations for constant velocity or constant acceleration
SI unit of force (F)
Newton (N)
-or-
kilogram-meter/second2 (kg⋅m/s2)
because F = m⋅a
SI unit of work (W)
Joule (J)
-or-
Newton-meter (N⋅m)
because W = F⋅d
units of momentum (p)
kilogram-meter/second (kg⋅m/s)
because p = m⋅v
-or-
Newton-second (N⋅s)
because impulse = F⋅t = Δp
convert mass to weight
F = m⋅a, so weight = mass⋅acceleration due to gravity
Fgrav = m⋅g
mass (m)
an object’s amount of physical matter
weight (Fgrav)
the force of gravity on an object
normal force (FN)
a force perpendicular to the surface that supports an object
terminal velocity
maximum free fall velocity
reached when force of air resistance equals the force of gravity
power (P)
how fast work is done
SI unit of power (P)
Watt (W)
-or-
Joule/second (J/s)
because P = W/t
work (W)
the effect of a force that causes an object to be displaced
kinetic energy (KE)
energy of motion
if v = 0 m/s, then KE = 0 J
potential energy (PE)
stored energy due to position above the ground
if h = 0 m, then PE = 0 J
mechanical energy (ME)
sum of kinetic energy and potential energy
ME = KE + PE
SI unit of energy
Joule (J)
The total mechanical energy (TME) of an object…
…is conserved (unless an external force does work on it).
The total mechanical energy (TME) of an object is changed by…
…work done on it by an external force.
elastic collision
kinetic energy is conserved
ΣKEbefore = ΣKEafter
momentum is conserved
Σpbefore = Σpafter
inelastic collision
kinetic energy is not conserved
momentum is conserved
Σpbefore = Σpafter
Kinetic energy changes when…
…velocity changes.
explosion
momentum is conserved
Σpbefore = Σpafter
