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Conceptual Physics > Semester 1 Review > Flashcards

Semester 1 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

scalar

A

magnitude alone

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2
Q

vector

A

magnitude and direction

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3
Q

distance

A

“how much ground an object has covered” during its motion

example: distance = 12 meters

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4
Q

displacement (d, x, or y)

A

“how far out of place an object is”

change in position

example: displacement = 0 meters

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5
Q

SI unit of mass (m)

A

kilogram (kg)

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6
Q

SI unit of length

A

meter (m)

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7
Q

SI unit of time (t)

A

second (s)

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8
Q

acceleration (a)

A

“speeding up, slowing down, or turning”

change in velocity (magnitude or direction)

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9
Q

kilo- (k)

A

1000

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10
Q

milli- (m)

A

1/1000th

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11
Q

centi- (c)

A

1/100th

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12
Q

acceleration due to gravity (g)

A

-10 m/s2

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13
Q

units of acceleration (a)

A

m/s2

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14
Q

units of velocity (v)

A

m/s

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15
Q

linear relationship

A

y = x

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16
Q

squared relationship

A

y = x<span>2</span>

a.k.a. quadratic

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17
Q

inverse relationship

A

y = 1/x

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18
Q

inverse squared relationship

A

y = 1/x2

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19
Q

velocity (v)

A

“how fast an object is moving”

displacement per unit of time

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20
Q

cause of acceleration

A

net force (not 0)

21
Q

inertia

A

resistance to change in motion

an object will maintain its state of rest or motion unless acted on by an external force

22
Q

velocity of an object in free fall at its highest point

A

0 m/s

23
Q

displacement vs. time graph

A

at rest

v = 0 m/s

24
Q

displacement vs. time graph

A

constant velocity (v > 0 m/s)

25
Q

velocity vs. time graph

A

constant velocity (v > 0 m/s)

a = 0 m/s2

26
Q

velocity of an object at rest

A

0 m/s

27
Q

acceleration of an object at constant velocity

A

0 m/s2

28
Q

equations for constant velocity or constant acceleration

A
29
Q

SI unit of force (F)

A

Newton (N)

-or-

kilogram-meter/second2 (kg⋅m/s2)

because F = m⋅a

30
Q

SI unit of work (W)

A

Joule (J)

-or-

Newton-meter (N⋅m)

because W = F⋅d

31
Q

units of momentum (p)

A

kilogram-meter/second (kg⋅m/s)

because p = m⋅v

-or-

Newton-second (N⋅s)

because impulse = F⋅t = Δp

32
Q

convert mass to weight

A

F = m⋅a, so weight = mass⋅acceleration due to gravity

Fgrav = m⋅g

33
Q

mass (m)

A

an object’s amount of physical matter

34
Q

weight (Fgrav)

A

the force of gravity on an object

35
Q

normal force (FN)

A

a force perpendicular to the surface that supports an object

36
Q

terminal velocity

A

maximum free fall velocity

reached when force of air resistance equals the force of gravity

37
Q

power (P)

A

how fast work is done

38
Q

SI unit of power (P)

A

Watt (W)

-or-

Joule/second (J/s)

because P = W/t

39
Q

work (W)

A

the effect of a force that causes an object to be displaced

40
Q

kinetic energy (KE)

A

energy of motion

if v = 0 m/s, then KE = 0 J

41
Q

potential energy (PE)

A

stored energy due to position above the ground

if h = 0 m, then PE = 0 J

42
Q

mechanical energy (ME)

A

sum of kinetic energy and potential energy

ME = KE + PE

43
Q

SI unit of energy

A

Joule (J)

44
Q

The total mechanical energy (TME) of an object…

A

…is conserved (unless an external force does work on it).

45
Q

The total mechanical energy (TME) of an object is changed by…

A

…work done on it by an external force.

46
Q

elastic collision

A

kinetic energy is conserved

ΣKEbefore = ΣKEafter

momentum is conserved

Σpbefore = Σpafter

47
Q

inelastic collision

A

kinetic energy is not conserved

momentum is conserved

Σpbefore = Σpafter

48
Q

Kinetic energy changes when…

A

…velocity changes.

49
Q

explosion

A

momentum is conserved

Σpbefore = Σpafter

Conceptual Physics (8 decks)

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