Semester 1 Review Flashcards
What is the primary function of the immune system?
The primary function of the immune system is to destroy any germs that invade the body . T-cells find out what the virus or bacteria look like from the macrophage. The B-cells make an antibody. The lymph nodes and spleen house the other white blood cells.
Describe the path the blood takes throughout the circulatory system?
Oxygen-rich blood comes from the lungs into the heart. The heart pumps the blood through the arteries throughout the entire body. The arteries branch into tiny capillaries. Here the oxygen in the blood is exchanged for carbon dioxide in the tissues. The blood returns to the heart through the veins and then travels back into the lungs to get rid of the carbon dioxide and receive more oxygen. The heart has a left and right atrium and a left and right ventricle. Arteries transport blood away from the heart. Veins transport blood to the heart. Pulmonary veins and arteries transport blood to and from the lungs.
Describe the path that air takes throughout the respiratory system. be sure to use the names of the major organs and air passages involved.
Air enters the body through the nose or mouth and then travels down the trachea in the bronchial tubes which lead into the lungs. The bronchial tubes branch into smaller tubes called bronchioles. At the end of the bronchioles are aveoli which are surrounded by capillaries. here the oxygen in the air is exchanged for carbon dioxide in the blood. Finally, the air is forced out of the lungs, up through the trachea and out of the nose. The diaphragm separates the heart and lungs from the Abdomin. It is the large muscle that contracts to create a vacuum drawing air into the nose and mouth.
What are the two major functions of the muscular/skeletal system
The two major functions of the muscular/skeletal system is to provide structural support and protection for the body and also provide the power needed for movement. The skeletal system is made up of bones, joints, ligaments, and cartilage The muscles are attached by tendons.Skeletal muscles move joints.Cardiac muscle moves the heart. Smooth muscle is found in internal organs.
Describe the path that food takes through the digestive system. Be sure to use the names of the major organs and what happens to the food in each.
Food starts in the mouth where it is chewed into smaller pieces. It then travels down the esophagus and into the stomach, which churns the food and produces acid to help digestion. Next it goes into small intestines where it is further digested into small particles. these tiny food particles pass through the walls of the small intestine into the blood stream. Any undigested food travels into the large intestine and out the body. The liver, pancreas and gall bladder produce materials to help digestion. The saliva also helps break food down.
What are the three major function of the nervous system.
The three major functions of the nervous system are to receive information from the environment, interpret the information, and create a response to it. The parts of the nervous system are the brain, the spinal cord, and nerves. Nerves have cells called neurons. Each neuron has an axon and a dendrite. Nerve messages are called synapses. Sensory nerves are in ears, eyes, nose, and skin. They carry messages to the spinal cord. A motor nerve sends instructions to the muscles.
