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Honors Chemistry > Semester 1 Review > Flashcards

Semester 1 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Define volume, mass, and weight

A

Volume: the amount of space an object occupies
Mass: the amount of matter in an object
Weight: the force produced by gravity acting on mass

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2
Q

Define solids, liquids, and gases

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3
Q

Define physical & chemical properties

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4
Q

Give examples of physical & chemical properties

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5
Q

Define physical & chemical changes

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6
Q

Give examples of physical & chemical changes

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7
Q

Define reactants and products

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8
Q

Give evidence of chemical changes

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9
Q

Define accuracy & precision

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10
Q

Define atom

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11
Q

Define pure substances & mixtures

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12
Q

Define elements and compounds

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13
Q

Define molecule

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14
Q

What are the 2 types of mixtures?

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15
Q

Compound vs mixture

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16
Q

What are the 7 diatomic elements?

A

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17
Q

What are the methods for separating mixtures?

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18
Q

Define energy, heat, and temperature

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19
Q

Define endothermic & exothermic processes

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20
Q

Define theory, hypothesis, and law

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21
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

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22
Q

What is the law of definite proportions?

A

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23
Q

What is the law of multiple proportions?

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24
Q

What parts of Dalton’s atomic theory are false?

A

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25
Q

Who discovered the electron, neutron, and proton?

A

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26
Q

What did JJ Thomson & his experiment do?

A

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27
Q

What did Rutherford & his experiment do?

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28
Q

List & define/explain different models of the atom

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29
Q

What are the 2 regions of the atom?

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30
Q

Define atomic & mass #’s

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31
Q

Define orbital, ground state, & excited state

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32
Q

Define the Pauli exclusion principle

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33
Q

Define the Aufbau principle

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34
Q

Define Hund’s rule

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35
Q

What is the EC of Li (3e-), O (8e-), Cl (17e-)

A

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36
Q

What is the shorthand EC of Pb (82e-) and Ag (72e-)

A

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37
Q

What is the orbital diagram of Li (3e-), O (8e-), Sn

A

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38
Q

List & describe scientists involved with creation of periodic table in order

A

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39
Q

Define the law of octaves

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40
Q

List and describe the properties of each elemental group

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41
Q

What are the properties of metals & nonmetals?

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42
Q

What is an alloy?

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43
Q

How many elements are found in nature?

A

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44
Q

What were the 1st elements created after the Big Band?

A

H & He

45
Q

What are the elements most commonly found in living things?

A

C, O, H, S, P, N

46
Q

Define transmutation & the 2 types of it

A

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47
Q

Define synthetic elements

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48
Q

List particle accelerator types

A

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49
Q

Define the octet & duet rules

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50
Q

Define ion, cation, and anion

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51
Q

List & describe the process of ionic bonding

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52
Q

List the properties of ionic compounds

A

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53
Q

How does a covalent bond form

A

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54
Q

Define molecular orbital, bond length, and bond energy

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55
Q

How does covalent bonding affect an atom’s potential energy and stability?

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56
Q

Is energy released or taken in when a covalent bond forms?

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57
Q

What is the correlation between bond length and bond strength?

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58
Q

Define polar & nonpolar covalent bonds

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59
Q

How do you know a covalent bond is polar or nonpolar?

A

EN value < 0.5 = NP
EN value > 0.5 = P

60
Q

Define dipole

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61
Q

List properties of covalent compounds

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62
Q

Define resonance

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63
Q

What does the VSEPR theory say

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64
Q

List and describe the different lewis structure shapes

A

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65
Q

What is the percent composition formula?

A

(total mass of element in compound / molar mass of compound) x 100

66
Q

What is the avg atomic mass formula?

A

(mass isotope 1 x decimal form of % of isotope 1) + (mass isotope 2 x decimal …) …

67
Q

Define limiting reactant and excess reactant

A

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68
Q

Define actual and theoretical yield

A

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69
Q

What is the percent yield formula?

A

(actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100

Honors Chemistry (15 decks)

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