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Honors Chemistry > Nuclear Chemistry (Chapter 18) > Flashcards

Nuclear Chemistry (Chapter 18) Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleon

A

referring to a particle in the nucleus

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2
Q

Nuclide

A

applied to a specific nucleus with a given # of protons and neutrons (AKA an isotope)

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3
Q

Strong Force

A

attractions between nucleons that binds them together (only acts over small distances)

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4
Q

Quarks

A

particles that make up protons & neutrons

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5
Q

Flavors of quarks

A
  • Up (+2/3 charge)
  • Down (-1/3 charge)
  • Top
  • Bottom
  • Strange
  • Charm
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6
Q

Protons contain…

A

2 up & 1 down quarks

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7
Q

Neutrons contain…

A

1 up & 2 down quarks

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8
Q

Strong forces are formed by…

A

down & up quarks attracting each other

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9
Q

Nuclear Binding Energy

A

energy released when nucleons come together
separate nucleons —> nucleus & lots of energy

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10
Q

Mass defect

A

the difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of the atom’s particles (protons, neutrons, electrons)

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11
Q

Small nuclei need an N/P ratio of…

A

1:1 to be stable

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12
Q

Large nuclei need a N/P ratio of…

A

1:1.5 to be stable

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13
Q

Nuclei with mass # greater than…

A

209 are never stable

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14
Q

Nuclei with atomic # > …

A

83 are never stable

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15
Q

Transmutation

A

a nuclear reaction where 1 element changes into another

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16
Q

Nuclear fusion

A

nuclei combine to form an element with a larger nucleus

17
Q

Nuclear fission

A

a nucleus splits into at least 2 smaller nuclei

18
Q

Gain electrons

A

electron capture

19
Q

Gain alpha particles

A

alpha absorption

20
Q

Gain positrons

A

Positron absorption

21
Q

Gain protons

A

proton capture

22
Q

Gain neutrons

A

neutron capture

23
Q

Gain gamma rays

A

Gamma absorption

24
Q

Losing electrons

A

Beta decay

25
Q

Losing alpha particles

A

Alpha decay

26
Q

Losing positrons

A

Positron emission

27
Q

Losing protons

A

Proton emission

28
Q

Losing neutrons

A

Neutron emission

29
Q

Losing gamma rays

A

gamma decay

Honors Chemistry (15 decks)

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