Semester 1 Questions

Question 1

name the 3 different types of landforms

Answer 1

-plains = nearly flat or gently rolling land with low relief
-mountains = high elevation with high relief
- plateau = high elevation

Question 2

how do you find the latitude and longitude differences between points?

Answer 2

count the lines between points

Question 3

what is contour interval on a map?

Answer 3

change in elevation from one contour line to the next line

Question 4

name the 3 different types of heat transfer

Answer 4

-radiation = heat transferred from the sunlight
-convection = boiling water in a pot
- conduction = metal spoon in hot soup

Question 5

what is the inner core?

Answer 5

a dense ball

Question 6

what part of the earth does the magnetic field come from?

Answer 6

liquid outer core

Question 7

what are convection currents that occur within the earth?

Answer 7

the heated mantle and core drive convection currents in the asthenosphere. The asthenosphere slowly rises and spreads out

Question 8

name each layer of the earth

Answer 8

-crust
-upper mantle
-lower mantle
-outer core
-inner core

Question 9

describe the crust

Answer 9

-brittle, rocky outer layer of the earth
-least dense layer of the geosphere
-continental crust is about 4 times thicker than the oceanic crust

Question 10

describe the upper mantle

Answer 10

-lithosphere & atmosphere
-uppermost part of the mantle and crust
-softest part of the mantle below the lithosphere
-hotter and under pressure

Question 11

describe the lower mantle

Answer 11

• solid material extending all the way to earth’s core

Question 12

describe the outer core

Answer 12

-layer of molten metal that surrounds the inner core

Question 13

describe the inner core

Answer 13

-dense ball
-magnetic field

Question 14

what is the theory of Pangea?

Answer 14

all continents were once joined together

Question 15

who discovered Pangea?

Answer 15

Alfred Wegner hypothesized that at one time all continents were a single landmass but over time they had drifted apart.

Question 16

what were 3 pieces of evidence Wegner used to support his hypothesis of Pangea?

Answer 16

-land features matched up
-fossils from the same animals and plants existed on separated pieces of land
-climate change evidence

Question 17

Wegner could not provide an explanation for the push or pull of the continents. Explain what happened after that

Answer 17

his hypothesis was rejected until Henry Hess suggested sea floor spreading

Question 18

what were the 3 pieces of evidence that Hess used to support his idea of seafloor spreading?

Answer 18

-molten material
-magnetic strips
-drilling samples

Question 19

what is our role as humans on God’s earth?

Answer 19

to be good and wise stewards of the earth’s resources

Question 20

why do secular and Christian scientists often arrive at very different conclusions about the same geologic data?

Answer 20

they start their examination of the evidence from different worldviews

Question 21

what is the most important quality of a good scientific model?

Answer 21

it is workable

Question 22

what is an inorganic mineral?

Answer 22

a mineral with no materials that were once part of living things

Question 23

what is the repeating pattern of a mineral’s particles forming a solid called?

Answer 23

crystal

Question 24

what is the hardest known mineral?

Answer 24

diamond

Question 25

what is the softest mineral on the Mohs hardness scale?

Answer 25

talc

Question 26

Igneous rock that cools very quickly when it forms has a texture that is _________________

Answer 26

smooth and shiny with no visible grain

Question 27

what is it called when all the grains in a rock are large and easy to see?

Answer 27

coarse grained

Question 28

how do geologists determine a rock’s texture?

Answer 28

by size, shape, and patterns of the rocks grain

Question 29

rock that forms from the cooling of magma below the surface or lava at the surface is called __________ rock

Answer 29

igneous

Question 30

What is an igneous rock that formed from lava that erupted from the Earth’s surface called?

Answer 30

extrusive

Question 31

what is the process in which running water, wind, or ice loosen and carry away rock fragments?

Answer 31

erosion

Question 32

what types of rocks have their grains arranged in parallel layers or bands?

Answer 32

foliated

Question 33

heat and pressure deep beneath Earth’s surface can change any rock into ____________

Answer 33

metamorphic rock

Question 34

what is a series of processes on Earth’s surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly changes rocks from one kind of another called?

Answer 34

the rock cycle

Question 35

shiny, metallic, and pearly are terms used to describe ________

Answer 35

luster

Question 36

a mineral with a hardness of 6 will scratch a mineral with a hardness of _____ than 6

Answer 36

less

Question 37

igneous rocks formed beneath Earth’s surface are __________ rocks

Answer 37

intrusive

Question 38

high pressure can change and igneous rock into _______________ rock

Answer 38

a metamorphic

Question 39

dissolved minerals and particles of sediment stick together to form sedimentary rock in a process called ____________________

Answer 39

cementation

Question 40

small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things are called _____________

Answer 40

sediment

Question 41

_____________ is the process by which sediment settles out of wind or water

Answer 41

deposition

Question 42

how does sedimentary rock turn into metamorphic rock?

Answer 42

heat and pressure

Question 43

how does metamorphic rock turn into eruption?

Answer 43

melting

Question 44

how does eruption turn into igneous rock?

Answer 44

volcanic activity

Question 45

how does igneous rock turn into sediment?

Answer 45

erosion

Question 46

how does sediment turn into sedimentary rock?

Answer 46

deposition