chapter 6

Question 1

pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions

Answer 1

shearing

Question 2

force that acts on rock to change its shape

Answer 2

stress

Question 3

squeezes rock until it folds or breaks

Answer 3

compression

Question 4

zone is an area of several places of fractured crust

Answer 4

fault

Question 5

pulls on crust, where two plates are moving apart

Answer 5

tension

Question 6

change in a rock’s shape caused by stress

Answer 6

strain

Question 7

vibration int he ground that results from the movement along faults or breaks

Answer 7

earthquake

Question 8

point beneath Earth’s surface where rock under stress breaks to cause an earthquake

Answer 8

focus

Question 9

point of surface directly above the focus

Answer 9

epicenter

Question 10

the molten materials before lava reaches the surface

Answer 10

magma

Question 11

major belt formed by volcanoes that rim the Pacific Ocean

Answer 11

Ring of Fire

Question 12

not active but may become active

Answer 12

dormant

Question 13

unlikely to erupt again

Answer 13

extinct

Question 14

form when magma forces itself across rock layers and hardens

Answer 14

dikes

Question 15

weak spot in Earth’s crust where molten material or magma comes to the surface

Answer 15

volcano

Question 16

form when magma squeezes between horizontal layers of rock

Answer 16

sills

Question 17

masses of rocks formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust

Answer 17

batholiths

Question 18

form when groundwater is heated by a nearby body of magma or hot rock and eventually rises to the surface to collect in a natural pool

Answer 18

hot springs

Question 19

fountain of water and steam that erupts from the ground when a build up of pressure is released

Answer 19

geyser

Question 20

how are volcanic belts formed along the boundaries?

Answer 20

converging or diverging of plates allowing magma to reach the surface

Question 21

area where magma erupts thought eh crust via volcanoes

Answer 21

hot spot

Question 22

two oceanic plates collide and one subducts to form a string of islands

Answer 22

island arc

Question 23

what are the types of volcanoes?

Answer 23

lava plateau
shield
ash-cinder
composite
caldera

Question 24

describe a quiet eruption

Answer 24

flows easily
fast-moving lava (phahoehoe)
slow cooler-moving (AA)
bubbles gently
low silica content

Question 25

describe an explosive eruption

Answer 25

high silica content hurls ash and cinder pressure of gases eruptive

Question 26

what are the 3 types of stress that can occur on the crust?

Answer 26

compression shearing tension

Question 27

what landforms are created by tension on the crust?

Answer 27

continental rifts mid-ocean ridges

Question 28

what landforms are created by shearing on the crust?

Answer 28

transform faults, fault zones

Question 29

what landforms are created by compression?

Answer 29

mountain ranges, ocean trenches, volcanic arcs

Question 30

what type of boundary is tension similar to?

Answer 30

divergent

Question 31

what type of boundary is compression similar to?

Answer 31

convergent

Question 32

what type of boundary is shearing similar to?

Answer 32

transform

Question 33

what are the types of faults?

Answer 33

normal, reverse, strike-slip

Question 34

waves that carry energy in an earthquake

Answer 34

seismic waves

Question 35

where can primary waves travel through?

Answer 35

solids and liquids

Question 36

magma hardens in volcanoes pipe

Answer 36

neck

Question 37

uplift pushes a batholith or smaller body of magma toward surface

Answer 37

dome

Question 38

what landforms are created by strain on the crust?

Answer 38

plastic or elastic strain