Semester 1 PIA questions Flashcards
What would you mention to a patient who has periodontitis?
- Periodontitis - a disease that destroys the bone underneath the tooth
- Usually occurs from bacteria aggrevating the gums
- Aggrevating the gums leads to inflammatory condition - gingivitis
- When gingivitis is present with some underlying risk factors such as smoking, diabetes or immunuesupressed organism - periodontitis is caused
- Periodontitis is caused by the immune system trying to fight off the bacteria in the plaque - but not bring very mindful of the surrounding tissue
- Unfortunatley periodontitis is irreverisble - but if proper treatment - it can be slowed down or even arrested - thus we need to collaborate on this issure
Give 5 differential diagnosis for a white lesion
- Leukodema
- Leukoplakia
- Lichen Planus
- Frictional keratosis
- Oral squamous cell carcinoma
Give 5 differential diagnosis for red lesions
- Pyogenic granuloma
- Haemangioma
- Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
- Erythroplakia
- Oral squamous cell carcinoma
Give 5 differential diagnosis for a pigmented lesion?
- Oral melanotic macule
- Mucosal melanocytic naevus
- Amalgam tattoo
- Malignant melanoma
- Smokers melanosis
Give 5 differential diagnosis for a gum lump?
- Haemangioma
2.Fibroepithelial polyp
- Pyogenic granuloma
- Peripheral giant cell granuloma
- Calcifying fibroblastic granuloma
Give 5 differential diagnosis for an ulcer?
- Herpetiform ampthous ulcer
- Mild amthous ulcer
- Major ampthous ulcer
- Traumatic acute ulcer
- Traumatic chronic ulcer
Why are 5th and 7th generation of adhesive system kinda mid?
- Because they are known to leave moisture bubles at the surface as well as water tress that impare bonding
- Because there is an issue with the acid that is used with self etching. Essentially a special compound is used to neutraulise the acid over time so that self etching does not continue to destroy tooth structure - but unfortunaley that compound affect may be delayed thus the created resin tags are not formed properly - this reduced their effectiveness thus making the restoration last less time :(
What is the process of activation and initiation of dental composite material?
- Photo-initiator - in a form of specific frequency of light (light cure or UV light) initiates the creation of free radicals within the composite material
- The free radicals with an extra electron will bind with monomers in order to create a polymer - at the end of this process an electron is loss thus another free radical can be initiated
- This continues when around 80% of resin is polymerised and 20% is not - this is important to allow addition of other composite resin
- Over time, free radicals will combine - creating a stable compound
How would you explain to the patient the CR survival?
An average composite may last around 3-8 years but only if it is maintained. Give car analogy.
Why do amalgams last more than composites?
Amalgams last longer due to the hardness of the material - but if they fail they fail spectacularly
How do we treat hypersensitivity?
- Block dentinal tubules - using restorations or protective coverings
- Block nerve activity - stanous fluoride and potassium nitrate
- Remove the cause - erosion and toothbrushing technique change
How do we manage dentine hypersensitivity?
- Occlude dentinal tubules to reduce impact of stimuli on fluid movement - can be done through chemical occlusion (fluorides) or physical occlusion (sealed resorations)
- Reduce sensitivity of nerves - using potassium nitrate
What are indications for indirect pulp capping?
- Deep cavity
- No pulpal exposure
- Removal of all infected dentine may result in pulpal exposure
- No signs or symptoms of irreversible pulpits
What is the most important aspect of indirect pulp capping?
CORONAL SEAL IS VITAL.
What happens to the pulp during direct pulp capping?
The varnish that is used is able to neutralise necrotic tissue and cause the deposition of tertiary dentine
