Semester 1 final review Flashcards
Feudalism
Feudalism is a political and military system based on the holding of land.
Common Law
Henry II created the common law by appointing royal judges.
Magna Carta
The magna carta, or the great charter, is something that king John signed lowering some of his power, and it consists of 63 clauses. If King John hadn’t signed the magna carta, he would have lost his place.
Serf
Serfs are peasants bound to a piece of land.
Vernacular
Vernacular is the language that ordinary people speak from a specific country.
Republic
Republic is a government that is ruled by elected officials to govern the state.
Direct Democracy
Direct Democracy is the type of government that has the 1 citizen = 1 vote (adult males).
Monopoly
Monopoly is a single seller.
Magellan
Magellan was a sailor from Spain that sailed around the world.
Diet of Worms
The Diet of Worms is the trial where Martin Luther was tried for heresy.
Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII created the Church of England.
Indulgence
Indulgence is a way to reduce the amount of sin someone has.
Reformation
Reformation is when something breaks away from a group that is in charge
Martin Luther
Martin Luther was a priest that went against the Catholic Church. He was put on trial, and was found guilty. He wasn’t killed, but he was sent out of this country.
Counter-Reformation
Counter-reformation is when the Catholic Church tries to stop people from leaving the church.
Geocentric theory
Geocentric Theory is the idea that the Earth is in the middle of all of the universe.
Heliocentric Theory
Heliocentric Theory is the idea that the sun is in the center of all of the universe.
Liberal
Liberal people are people that want change, and will use violence to bring change.
Conservative
Conservative people don’t want change.
Copernicus
Copernicus was the first to say that the sun is in the center of the universe.
Galileo
Galileo agreed with Copernicus, but took it back.
95 Thesis
The 95 theses are 95 things that Martin Luther thought that the Catholic Church was doing wrong.
Manor
A manor is a place where a lord gains his livelihood.
Socrates
Socrates was a philosopher in Greece that was accused of asking questions, and corrupting the youth.
Plato
Plato was the student of Socrates. He disliked the Athenian democracy because they killed his teacher. He thought of another type of government, and wrote a book about it. The book is called The Republic.
Aristotle
Aristotle is the student of Plato, who was the student of Socrates. Aristotle came up with the idea of checks and balances.
Charles I of England
Charles I was the first king beheaded.
Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell was a very skilled general. In a series of decisive battles, Cromwell’s army defeated the king’s troops.
The Restoration
The restoration is the marked return of Charles II after Oliver Cromwell.
The Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution is the bloodless revolution.
The Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence is a list of grievances against King George III.
The Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation is the “League of Friendship” among 13 states. 1st government for the USA.
Shay’s Rebellion
Shays Rebellion is when Farmers marched on an arsenal, for weapons, then to the courthouse.
Virginia Plan
The Virginia plan was a 2 house legislature with representation based on population.
N.J Plan
The New Jersey plan was a single chamber where each state got one vote.
Great Compromise
The Great Compromise is 2 members per state, and the house was based on population.
3/5 Compromise
The ⅗ Compromise is 5 slaves equals 3 whites.
Federalist
Federalists support the Constitution.
Anti-Federalist
Anti-Federalist are against the Constitution.
The U.S Bill of Rights
Bill of Rights are the first 10 amendments to the Constitution.
First Estate
The First Estate was the clergy. They held 10% of the land.
Second Estate
The Second Estate was the nobles. They owned 20% of the land.
Third Estate
The Third Estate was everyone else. They consist of middle class people, urban lower class, and peasants.
Bastille
The Bastille was a prison in Paris that held guns.
Louis XVI
Louis XVI promised to call the Estates generals together.
Marie Antoinette
Marie Antoinette was queen of England at the beginning of the French revolution.
Oath of the Tennis Court
Oath of the Tennis Court was when the third estate declared themselves national assembly.
Emigrees
Emigres are people who left their own country to settle in another country.
The guillotine
The guillotine was the machine used to kill the people who didn’t support the revolution.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens are documents stating the French revolution.
Robespierre
Robespierre was the leader of the committee of public safety
Reign of Terror
The Reign of Terror is a point of time when the French people who went against the revolution were killed.
Coup
A sudden, violent overthrow of an existing government by a small group.
Napoleonic Code
The Napoleonic code is freedom of religion and he abolished serfdom.
Versailles
Versailles represented the excesses and failures of the king and queen as the French Revolution began.
Blockade
The blockade was using troops or ships to prevent the transportation of goods.
Exile
Exile is to banish.
Continental System
Continental system was when people under Napoleon’s rule couldn’t buy British goods.
Hundred Days
The hundred days was Napoleon’s last rule.
Waterloo
Waterloo was Napoleon’s last defeat.
Enlightenment
The enlightenment was a time of use of reason and the scientific method.
John Locke
John Locke said, “If the Government doesn’t work, get rid of it.”
Salon
A salon is a party for important people.
Issac Newton
Issac Newton created the three laws of motion.
Voltaire
Voltaire was a French writer who attacked the government and the church.
Diderot
Diderot was a philosopher, art critic, and writer. He wrote the encyclopedia.
Descartes
Rene Descartes said, “I think, therefore I am.”
Mary Wollstonecraft
Mary Wollenscraft wrote the “Vindication of the Rights of Woman.”
Adam Smith
Adam Smith wrote the wealth of nations.
Baron De Montesquieu
Montesquieu was a philosopher during the enlightenment.
Rousseau
Rousseau wrote the social contract and believes in the general will.
Napoleon III
Napoleon III was the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon III was elected president of the second republic and later became the emperor of France.
Peninsulares
Peninsulares are people born in Spain or Portugal.
Creoles
Creoles are people born in Latin America whose ancestors came from Europe.
Mestizos
Mestizos are people who are European and Native American.
Mulattoes
Mulattoes are people who are European and African.
Simon Bolivar
Simon Bolivar was a general that helped with the Southern American independence movement. His nickname was “The Liberator”.
Father Hidalgo
Father Miguel Hidalgo was a priest who raised his voice for Mexican independence.
Enclosure
Enclosures are used to fence off land.
Entrepeneur
Entrepreneurs are risk takers with money that have an idea.
Capital
Capital is money used to invest in enterprises.
Tenements
Tenements are multistory buildings divided into apartments.
Communism
Communism is that everyone is equal.
proletariat
Proletariats are Karl Marx’s words for workers.
Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism is the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.
Stock
Stocks are ownerships in a company.
Assembly Line
The assembly line was a new method of production. Workers on an assembly line add parts to a product that moves along a belt from one workstation to the next.
Dynamo
Dynamo is a machine that generates electricity.
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin was a British naturalist who argued all forms of life, including human beings, had evolved into their present state over millions of years.
Romanticism
Romanticism is the reaction against the enlightenment.
Realism
Realism is the artistic movement trying to represent the world as it is.
Impressionism
Impressionism is to capture the first impression of a scene or object.
Charles Dickens
Charles Dickens was a realist who wrote Oliver Twist.
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was a meeting to decide France’s fate.
Industrial Revolution
The industrial revolution is an internal technological development that began in Britain in the 1700s.
Metternich
Prince Metternich was the leader of the Congress of Vienna.
Camillo Cavour
Camillo Cavour was the Prime Minister of Piedmont and unified northern Italy.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Giuseppe Garibaldi was the leader of the Red Shirts and unified southern Italy.
Crimean War
The Crimean War was Russia - Britain, France and the Turks.
Queen Victoria
Queen Victoria ruled England from 1837-1901
Dreyfus Affair
The Dreyfus Affair was one of the biggest controversies of law cases. It was about the question if Alfred Dreyfus sold military secrets to the Germans in 1894.
Secede
Secede is withdraw.
Boer War
Boer War was when Great Britain defeated the Boers in South Africa.
Sepoys
Sepoys are Indian soldiers.
Open Door Policy
The Open Door Policy opened trade between China and other nations.
