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History > Semester 1 final review > Flashcards

Semester 1 final review Flashcards

1
Q

Feudalism

A

Feudalism is a political and military system based on the holding of land.

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2
Q

Common Law

A

Henry II created the common law by appointing royal judges.

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3
Q

Magna Carta

A

The magna carta, or the great charter, is something that king John signed lowering some of his power, and it consists of 63 clauses. If King John hadn’t signed the magna carta, he would have lost his place.

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4
Q

Serf

A

Serfs are peasants bound to a piece of land.

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5
Q

Vernacular

A

Vernacular is the language that ordinary people speak from a specific country.

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6
Q

Republic

A

Republic is a government that is ruled by elected officials to govern the state.

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7
Q

Direct Democracy

A

Direct Democracy is the type of government that has the 1 citizen = 1 vote (adult males).

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8
Q

Monopoly

A

Monopoly is a single seller.

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9
Q

Magellan

A

Magellan was a sailor from Spain that sailed around the world.

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10
Q

Diet of Worms

A

The Diet of Worms is the trial where Martin Luther was tried for heresy.

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11
Q

Henry VIII of England

A

Henry VIII created the Church of England.

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12
Q

Indulgence

A

Indulgence is a way to reduce the amount of sin someone has.

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13
Q

Reformation

A

Reformation is when something breaks away from a group that is in charge

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14
Q

Martin Luther

A

Martin Luther was a priest that went against the Catholic Church. He was put on trial, and was found guilty. He wasn’t killed, but he was sent out of this country.

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15
Q

Counter-Reformation

A

Counter-reformation is when the Catholic Church tries to stop people from leaving the church.

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16
Q

Geocentric theory

A

Geocentric Theory is the idea that the Earth is in the middle of all of the universe.

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17
Q

Heliocentric Theory

A

Heliocentric Theory is the idea that the sun is in the center of all of the universe.

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18
Q

Liberal

A

Liberal people are people that want change, and will use violence to bring change.

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19
Q

Conservative

A

Conservative people don’t want change.

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20
Q

Copernicus

A

Copernicus was the first to say that the sun is in the center of the universe.

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21
Q

Galileo

A

Galileo agreed with Copernicus, but took it back.

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22
Q

95 Thesis

A

The 95 theses are 95 things that Martin Luther thought that the Catholic Church was doing wrong.

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23
Q

Manor

A

A manor is a place where a lord gains his livelihood.

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24
Q

Socrates

A

Socrates was a philosopher in Greece that was accused of asking questions, and corrupting the youth.

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25
Q

Plato

A

Plato was the student of Socrates. He disliked the Athenian democracy because they killed his teacher. He thought of another type of government, and wrote a book about it. The book is called The Republic.

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26
Q

Aristotle

A

Aristotle is the student of Plato, who was the student of Socrates. Aristotle came up with the idea of checks and balances.

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27
Q

Charles I of England

A

Charles I was the first king beheaded.

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28
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A

Oliver Cromwell was a very skilled general. In a series of decisive battles, Cromwell’s army defeated the king’s troops.

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29
Q

The Restoration

A

The restoration is the marked return of Charles II after Oliver Cromwell.

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30
Q

The Glorious Revolution

A

The Glorious Revolution is the bloodless revolution.

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31
Q

The Declaration of Independence

A

The Declaration of Independence is a list of grievances against King George III.

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32
Q

The Articles of Confederation

A

The Articles of Confederation is the “League of Friendship” among 13 states. 1st government for the USA.

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33
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

Shays Rebellion is when Farmers marched on an arsenal, for weapons, then to the courthouse.

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34
Q

Virginia Plan

A

The Virginia plan was a 2 house legislature with representation based on population.

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35
Q

N.J Plan

A

The New Jersey plan was a single chamber where each state got one vote.

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36
Q

Great Compromise

A

The Great Compromise is 2 members per state, and the house was based on population.

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37
Q

3/5 Compromise

A

The ⅗ Compromise is 5 slaves equals 3 whites.

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38
Q

Federalist

A

Federalists support the Constitution.

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39
Q

Anti-Federalist

A

Anti-Federalist are against the Constitution.

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40
Q

The U.S Bill of Rights

A

Bill of Rights are the first 10 amendments to the Constitution.

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41
Q

First Estate

A

The First Estate was the clergy. They held 10% of the land.

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42
Q

Second Estate

A

The Second Estate was the nobles. They owned 20% of the land.

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43
Q

Third Estate

A

The Third Estate was everyone else. They consist of middle class people, urban lower class, and peasants.

44
Q

Bastille

A

The Bastille was a prison in Paris that held guns.

45
Q

Louis XVI

A

Louis XVI promised to call the Estates generals together.

46
Q

Marie Antoinette

A

Marie Antoinette was queen of England at the beginning of the French revolution.

47
Q

Oath of the Tennis Court

A

Oath of the Tennis Court was when the third estate declared themselves national assembly.

48
Q

Emigrees

A

Emigres are people who left their own country to settle in another country.

49
Q

The guillotine

A

The guillotine was the machine used to kill the people who didn’t support the revolution.

50
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

A

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens are documents stating the French revolution.

51
Q

Robespierre

A

Robespierre was the leader of the committee of public safety

52
Q

Reign of Terror

A

The Reign of Terror is a point of time when the French people who went against the revolution were killed.

53
Q

Coup

A

A sudden, violent overthrow of an existing government by a small group.

54
Q

Napoleonic Code

A

The Napoleonic code is freedom of religion and he abolished serfdom.

55
Q

Versailles

A

Versailles represented the excesses and failures of the king and queen as the French Revolution began.

56
Q

Blockade

A

The blockade was using troops or ships to prevent the transportation of goods.

57
Q

Exile

A

Exile is to banish.

58
Q

Continental System

A

Continental system was when people under Napoleon’s rule couldn’t buy British goods.

59
Q

Hundred Days

A

The hundred days was Napoleon’s last rule.

60
Q

Waterloo

A

Waterloo was Napoleon’s last defeat.

61
Q

Enlightenment

A

The enlightenment was a time of use of reason and the scientific method.

62
Q

John Locke

A

John Locke said, “If the Government doesn’t work, get rid of it.”

63
Q

Salon

A

A salon is a party for important people.

64
Q

Issac Newton

A

Issac Newton created the three laws of motion.

65
Q

Voltaire

A

Voltaire was a French writer who attacked the government and the church.

66
Q

Diderot

A

Diderot was a philosopher, art critic, and writer. He wrote the encyclopedia.

67
Q

Descartes

A

Rene Descartes said, “I think, therefore I am.”

68
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft

A

Mary Wollenscraft wrote the “Vindication of the Rights of Woman.”

69
Q

Adam Smith

A

Adam Smith wrote the wealth of nations.

70
Q

Baron De Montesquieu

A

Montesquieu was a philosopher during the enlightenment.

71
Q

Rousseau

A

Rousseau wrote the social contract and believes in the general will.

72
Q

Napoleon III

A

Napoleon III was the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon III was elected president of the second republic and later became the emperor of France.

73
Q

Peninsulares

A

Peninsulares are people born in Spain or Portugal.

74
Q

Creoles

A

Creoles are people born in Latin America whose ancestors came from Europe.

75
Q

Mestizos

A

Mestizos are people who are European and Native American.

76
Q

Mulattoes

A

Mulattoes are people who are European and African.

77
Q

Simon Bolivar

A

Simon Bolivar was a general that helped with the Southern American independence movement. His nickname was “The Liberator”.

78
Q

Father Hidalgo

A

Father Miguel Hidalgo was a priest who raised his voice for Mexican independence.

79
Q

Enclosure

A

Enclosures are used to fence off land.

80
Q

Entrepeneur

A

Entrepreneurs are risk takers with money that have an idea.

81
Q

Capital

A

Capital is money used to invest in enterprises.

82
Q

Tenements

A

Tenements are multistory buildings divided into apartments.

83
Q

Communism

A

Communism is that everyone is equal.

84
Q

proletariat

A

Proletariats are Karl Marx’s words for workers.

85
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Utilitarianism is the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

86
Q

Stock

A

Stocks are ownerships in a company.

87
Q

Assembly Line

A

The assembly line was a new method of production. Workers on an assembly line add parts to a product that moves along a belt from one workstation to the next.

88
Q

Dynamo

A

Dynamo is a machine that generates electricity.

89
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Charles Darwin was a British naturalist who argued all forms of life, including human beings, had evolved into their present state over millions of years.

90
Q

Romanticism

A

Romanticism is the reaction against the enlightenment.

91
Q

Realism

A

Realism is the artistic movement trying to represent the world as it is.

92
Q

Impressionism

A

Impressionism is to capture the first impression of a scene or object.

93
Q

Charles Dickens

A

Charles Dickens was a realist who wrote Oliver Twist.

94
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

The Congress of Vienna was a meeting to decide France’s fate.

95
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

The industrial revolution is an internal technological development that began in Britain in the 1700s.

96
Q

Metternich

A

Prince Metternich was the leader of the Congress of Vienna.

97
Q

Camillo Cavour

A

Camillo Cavour was the Prime Minister of Piedmont and unified northern Italy.

98
Q

Giuseppe Garibaldi

A

Giuseppe Garibaldi was the leader of the Red Shirts and unified southern Italy.

99
Q

Crimean War

A

The Crimean War was Russia - Britain, France and the Turks.

100
Q

Queen Victoria

A

Queen Victoria ruled England from 1837-1901

101
Q

Dreyfus Affair

A

The Dreyfus Affair was one of the biggest controversies of law cases. It was about the question if Alfred Dreyfus sold military secrets to the Germans in 1894.

102
Q

Secede

A

Secede is withdraw.

103
Q

Boer War

A

Boer War was when Great Britain defeated the Boers in South Africa.

104
Q

Sepoys

A

Sepoys are Indian soldiers.

105
Q

Open Door Policy

A

The Open Door Policy opened trade between China and other nations.

History (6 decks)

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