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history > Semester 1 Final > Flashcards

Semester 1 Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Devishirme system

A

The sultans army drafted boys from the peoples of conquered Christian territories

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2
Q

Ghazis

A

Warriors from Islam

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3
Q

Jannissaries

A

An elite force of 30,000 soldiers

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4
Q

Suleyman the lawgiver

A

Bind them Ottoman Empire together in a workable structure. Created a law code to handle criminal and civil actions
Simplified system of taxation and reduced government bureaucracy

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5
Q

What led to the decline of the Muslim empires?

A

A long line of weak leaders who eventually brough ruin to the empire

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6
Q

Republic

A

A form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to elect leaders who make governmental decisions

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7
Q

Aristocracy

A

A government ruled by a small group of noble, land owning families

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8
Q

Oligarchy

A

A government ruled by a few powerful people

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9
Q

Monarchy

A

A single person called king or monarch ruled by the government

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10
Q

Democracy

A

Government ruled by the people

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11
Q

Ten Commandments

A

Written code of laws written by god

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12
Q

How did Pericles use democracy in Athens

A

Increased the number of paid public officials and by paid jurors. This enabled poorer citizens to participate in government

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13
Q

What were the Roman contributions to modern democracy

A

Republic

Written code that was equally applied to all citizens

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14
Q

Manga carta

A

A formal summary of the rights and summaries written by the people. Signed by king John

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15
Q

Natural rights

A

Life
Liberty
Property

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16
Q

Constitutional monarchy

A

The powers of the ruler are restricted by the constitution and laws of the country

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17
Q

English bill of rights

A

Formal summary of the rights and liberties of people

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18
Q

Glorious revolution

A

Parliament established its right to limit the English monarchs power

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19
Q

Divine right

A

The god given right to be kind

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20
Q

Universal gravitation

A

Newton’s theory that the same force ruled motion of the planets and all matter on each and in space

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21
Q

John Locke

A

Natural rights

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22
Q

Francis bacon

A

New ways of experimenting and questioning

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23
Q

Isaac Newton

A

Theory of motion

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24
Q

Montesquieu

A

Separation of powers

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25
Q

Nicolas Copernicus

A

Heliocentric theory

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26
Q

What American document do we see natural rights like life and liberty

A

Declaration of Independence

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27
Q

Beliefs of philosophes

A 
Truth can be found with reason 
Nature 
Happiness 
Progress 
Liberty
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28
Q

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence

A

Thomas Jefferson

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29
Q

Which philosophes influenced th Declaration of Independence

A

Montesquieu
Voltaire
Beccaria
Rousseau

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30
Q

How did the colonists react to the stamp act

A

“No taxation without representation”

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31
Q

How did the US constitution protect against tyrannical government

A

Separation of powers

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32
Q

How did the printing press change the world

A

Allowed people to educate themselves and develop independent ideas. People were able to interpret the Bible for themselves

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33
Q

Third estate population

A

97%

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34
Q

Bastille day

A

A mob searching for gunpowder and arms stormed the famous French bastille. the fall of the bastille became a great symbolic act of revolution the the French people

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35
Q

Reign of terror

A

Under Robespierres leadership, he wanted to protect the revolution from its “enemies”. Had 1000s of people guillotined

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36
Q

Plebiscite

A

Napoleon held a vote of the people to approve a new constitution

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37
Q

Declaration of the rights of man

A

Based off Declaration of Independence, the document guaranteed citizens justice, freedom of speech and religion

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38
Q

What was the tax system like in France before the French Revolution

A

The third estate paid majority of taxes

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39
Q

What issue arose when the estates general met

A

It was only 1 vote per estate, so first and second estate would always overrule

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40
Q

Slogan of the French Revolution

A

Liberty, equality, fraternity

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41
Q

Why did the National Assembly lose support of the peasants

A

They took land away from the Catholic Church

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42
Q

What group implemented the reign of terror with Robespierre

A

Committee of public safety

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43
Q

Why would people be sent to the guillotine

A

If they supported the king or seemed that they would rebel

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44
Q

Why was Robespierre killer

A

Members of the National Convention feared for their lives and turns against him

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45
Q

How did Great Britain react to napoleons continental system

A

They responded with their own blockade

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46
Q

How did admiral Nelson defeat Napoleon at Trafalgar? What were the consequences for Napoleon

A

He split the larger French fleet and captured many ships Napoleon had to give up his plans of invading Britain

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47
Q

How did Russia defeat Napoleon

A

With their cold weather

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48
Q

Nationalism

A

The belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture

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49
Q

Realism

A

Showed life as it was, not as it should be

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50
Q

Creoles

A

Spaniards born in Latin American below the penninsulares

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51
Q

Impressionism

A

This movement used bright colors and vivid brushstrokes to show life as it should be

52
Q

Romanticism

A

This movement reflected deep interest both in nature and the thoughts and feelings of the individual

53
Q

Beethoven

A

Romanticism composer

54
Q

Miguel Hidalgo

A

A creole priest who took the first step toward independence

55
Q

Mary Shelley

A

Author of Frankenstein

56
Q

Camilo dj Cavour

A

Sardinia king, United Italy

57
Q

Toussaint L. Ouverture

A

Leader of Haita revolution against France

58
Q

What social group led most revolutions in Latin America

A

Creoles

59
Q

How was the Brazilian revolution different

A

It was independent

60
Q

Similarities between Italian and German unification

A

Developed out of smaller nations

61
Q

What inspired the realism art movement? What type of events did people try to depict?

A

Artists were trying to depict life as it actually was the the industrial revolution

62
Q

Industrial revolution

A

The greatly increased output it Machine made goods that began in England in the 1700s

63
Q

Socialism

A

The factors of production are owned by the public and are for the welfare of all

64
Q

Union

A

To press reform, workers joined together in voluntary labor associations

65
Q

Enclosure

A

Large fields

66
Q

Laissez faire

A

The economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interface

67
Q

Adam Smith

A

Defended the idea of free economy. Wrote the wealth of nations

68
Q

Karl Marx

A

Introduced the world to a radical type of socialism called Marxism

69
Q

What causes urbanization

A

As transportation of railways increase, factories in big cities increased. Drawing People in for jobs

70
Q

How did Britain keep their industrial secrets

A

Didn’t let people leave with information

71
Q

What was the impact of the invention of the steam Engine

A

Faster and cheaper production

72
Q

What were the reform movements of the industrial revolution

A

Abolition of slavery

Fight for women’s rights

73
Q

How did trade help Britain industrialize

A

Able to get Materials

74
Q

What was the first country to industrialize

A

Britain

75
Q

What was the first industry to industrialize

A

Textile industry

76
Q

How did the was of 1812 help pave the way for US to industrialize

A

Britain blockaded the US, stopping trade and forcing industrialization

77
Q

What led to the shorter life span of people living in cities

A

Factory conditions

Pollution

78
Q

How is communism related to socialism

A

Marx described communism as a form of complete socialism

79
Q

Paternalism

A

A policy where Europe governed people in a parental way by you using for their needs but not giving them rights

80
Q

Raj

A

Refers to British rule after India came under the British crown during the reign of Queen Victoria

81
Q

Berlin conference

A

14 European nations met to lay down rule for the division of Africa

82
Q

What lead to the decline of the muslim empires?

A

suleyman set the pattern for later sultans to gain and hold power. It became customary for each new sultan to have his brother strangled and keep their sons in exile. This produced a long line of weak sultans who eventually brought ruin to the empire

83
Q

Republic

A

citizens elect leaders who make governmental decisions

84
Q

aristocracy

A

a government ruled by a small group of nobles and land owning families

85
Q

oligarchy

A

a government ruled by a few powerful people

86
Q

monarchy

A

a single person called king or monarch ruling the government

87
Q

democracy

A

government run by the people

88
Q

Ten commandments

A

a written code of laws from god

89
Q

how did perciles use democracy in athens

A

increased the number of paid public officials and paid jurors. This enabled poorer citizens to participate in government

90
Q

what were the romans contribution to modern democracy?

A

Romans gave the world the idea of a republic

Had a written law code that was equally applied to all citizens

91
Q

Magna carta

A

A formal summary of the rights and liberties of the people, signed by king john

92
Q

natural rights

A

life, liberty, and property

93
Q

Constitutional monarchy

A

the powers of the ruler are restricted by the constitution and laws of the county

94
Q

glorious revolution

A

parliment established its right to limit the english monarchs power

95
Q

divine rights

A

the god given right to be king

96
Q

universal gravitation

A

newtons theory that the same force ruled motion of the planets and all the matter on earth and in space

97
Q

john locke

A

natural rights

98
Q

francis bacon

A

came up with new ways of questioning and experimenting

99
Q

issac newton

A

developed theory of motion

100
Q

montesquieu

A

separation of powers

101
Q

nicolas copernicus

A

helio centric theory

102
Q

What american document do we see natural rights like life and liberty

A

declaration of independence

103
Q

beliefs of the philosophers

A
  • truth can be found with reason
  • nature
  • happiness
  • progress
  • liberty
104
Q

Who wrote the declaration of independence

A

thomas jefferson

105
Q

which philosophers influenced the declaration of independence

A

montisquieau, voltaire, beccaria, rousseau

106
Q

how did the colonists react to the stamp act

A

“no taxation without representation”

107
Q

how did the US constitution protects against a tyrannical government

A

separation of powers

108
Q

Third estate population

A

97%

109
Q

bastille day

A

on july 14, a mob searching for gunpowder and arms stormed the bastille. The fall of the bastille turned become a great symbolic act of revolution to the french people

110
Q

reign of terror

A

under robespierres leadership

111
Q

Positive effect of industrial revolution

A

Created jobs for workers
Contributed to wealth of the nation
Technological progress and invention
Raised standard of living

112
Q

Negative effects of industrial revolution

A

Poor living conditions

Class tension

113
Q

The great trek

A

Path that boers took when they wanted to keep slaves on “their” land in Africa fleeing from Britain

114
Q

Sepoy

A

Indian soldiers

115
Q

Menelik II

A

Leader of Ethiopia

116
Q

King Monkut

A

Lead Ethiopia to be the only African nation that successfully resisted the Europeans

117
Q

Results of the sepoy mutiny

A

Sepoys revolted

118
Q

What were the causes of the sepoy mutiny

A

Indian soldiers feared the British were violating their religious customs

119
Q

What was the goal of direct control

A

Assimilation

120
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Believed people were naturally selfish and cruel

121
Q

Why is India the “jewel in the crown”

A

India was the most valuable of British colonies

122
Q

Why did the western nations want land in the pacific rim

A

The strategic location along the sea route to China

123
Q

Why did the US business leader want to annex Hawaii

A

They had sugar and wanted control of the market

124
Q

Powder keg

A

With a long history of nationalist uprisings and ethnic clashes, the balkans was known as the powder keg

125
Q

Schlieffen plan

A

a battle strategy developed by Germany. The plan called for attacking and defeating France in the west and then rushing east to fight Russia

126
Q

Trench warfare

A

Soldiers fought each other from trenches

127
Q

Kaiser Wilhelm II

A

Kaiser of Germany

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