Semester 1 Final

Question 1

Henry VII

Answer 1

King of england, married to katherine of aragon, wanted a son so divorced katherine for anne boleyn, had to dissolve english ties to catholic church creating the anglican church which was very similar but dissolved monistaries and didnt follow the guidence of the pope.

Question 2

queen mary

Answer 2

“bloody mary”

-slaughtered protestants in england

Question 3

calvinism

Answer 3

puritans in 17th century america, believed in predestination, grace, and that they had a covenant with god. the elect were those that were saved, by predestination

Question 4

migration to the new world

Answer 4

english monarchs gave charters for settlements who were founded on religion, wealth, or politics. the reason to go included poverty, overcrowded europe, jail terms/debt, and the desire for religious freedom. the first european colony in the new world was plymouth in around 1620

Question 5

puritanism

Answer 5

was affected by 17th century england, calvinism, and the new england environment. highly stratified society, closely related church and state (congressionalism), class system of england was accepted in new england

Question 6

englightenment

Answer 6

17th-18th century, the “age of reason,” started in 1662 when the royal society founded the british scientific academy. newton (structured universe) and locke (who argued for the use of human reason) said the universe was an orderly system and man could understand it using reason. the world became comprehensible and benevolent, people paid less attention to nature, seeing every event as a divine message from old-fashioned.q

Question 7

deism

Answer 7

valued progress from religion to science. america is becoming civilized; history moves not towards gods millennium but human progress resting on individual energy and character, humans = naturally good, NO ORIGINAL SIN, harmonious universe and clock maker for a god, everything operates under rules

Question 8

Alexander Pope

Answer 8

“Know then thyself, presume not God to scan, the proper study of mankind is man.”

Question 9

John Locke

Answer 9

tthe mind is a blank slate at birth; no innate ideas of good or evil.

Question 10

Poor Richard’s Almanac Aphorisms

Answer 10

1. Fish and visitors stink in three days.
2. Hunger never saw bad bread.
3. Little rogues easily become great ones.
4. Who has deceived thee as often as thyself?
5. Wish not so much to live long as to live well.

Question 11

what is an american?

Answer 11

de crevecoeur

Question 12

a model of christian charity

Answer 12

john winthrop

Question 13

of plymouth plantation

Answer 13

william bradford

Question 14

the prologue; verses upon the burning of our house; to my dear and loving husband

Answer 14

anne bradstreet

Question 15

on the religion of nature

Answer 15

phillip frenerau

Question 16

the way to well; poor richards almanac

Answer 16

ben franklin

Question 17

age of reason, common sense,

Answer 17

thomas paine

Question 18

thanatopsis, to a waterfowl

Answer 18

Bryant

Question 19

Nature; Self-Reliance

Answer 19

Emerson

Question 20

Walden; Civil Disobedience

Answer 20

Thoreau

Question 21

Ethan Brand, Young Goodman Brown, Rappaccini’s Daughter, and the Scarlet Letter

Answer 21

Hawthorne

Question 22

Rip Van Winkle; the Legend of Sleepy Hollow

Answer 22

Washington Irving

Question 23

Moby Dick

Answer 23

Herman Melville

Question 24

The fall of the House of Usher. the raven, the masque of the red death, annabel-lee, sonet–to science

Answer 24

Edgar Allen Poe

Question 25

over-soul

Answer 25

the idea that humanity and nature share a universal soul, and everything is driven by this creative force

Question 26

brook farm

Answer 26

the attempt at a Utopian society with transcendentalist influences

Question 27

transcendentalism

Answer 27

“philosophy based upon the doctrine that the principles of reality are to be discovered by the study of the processes of though, or a philosophy emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical.”
Fundamental beliefs:
1. Nature is fundamentally good.
2. “Organic” art–artists should invent new forms and not rely on tradition.
a. everything is alive, related and meaningful
b. all reality is organically, naturally connected and alive
3. individualism–the individual is beholden to no institute outside the self.
4. Intuition–basic truths come by way of intuition rather than the senses or reason
5. Nature is symbolic–everything in nature is significant and symbolic of spirit.
6. Oversoul–humanity and nature share a universal soul.
7. Everyone can experience God firsthand.
8.Principle: structure of the universe literally duplicated the structure of the individual self, and that all knowledge therefore beings with self-knowledge.

Question 28

concord, massachusetts

Answer 28

the town in which the small, primary group of transcendentalists lived.

Question 29

romanticism

Answer 29

the philosophy focusing on intuition, imagination, nature and the individual.

Question 30

revolution (origin of transcendentalism)

Answer 30

transcendentalismoccured during the age of the industrial revolution, which lessened the focus on the individual, making them parts of machines. Thus, this philosophy was a revolution in itself–it encouraged people to break away from the crowd of society and develop their own. identities. This movement was also a response to the enlightenment and on the eve of the civil war (1861-65)

Question 31

Gothic

Answer 31

“noting or pertaining to a style of literature characterized by a gloomy setting, grotesque, mysterious, or violent events, and an atmosphere of degeneration and decay. “The movement is vertical–it represents the mind, the “dungeon” being the subconscious (where real fear resides)

• The characters typically involved in a Gothic story are the dangerous man, the safe man, the wise old man, and the questing woman. The final element of Gothic literature is new life–think a birth or marriage.
• The movement has post-Roman influences, leaning towards Medieval. It is also largely influenced by Germanic fairy tales and castles (spooky, irregular architecture).
• Romantics used Gothic settings to represent the mind and what happens within an individual.