Semester 1 Final Flashcards
Henry VII
King of england, married to katherine of aragon, wanted a son so divorced katherine for anne boleyn, had to dissolve english ties to catholic church creating the anglican church which was very similar but dissolved monistaries and didnt follow the guidence of the pope.
queen mary
“bloody mary”
-slaughtered protestants in england
calvinism
puritans in 17th century america, believed in predestination, grace, and that they had a covenant with god. the elect were those that were saved, by predestination
migration to the new world
english monarchs gave charters for settlements who were founded on religion, wealth, or politics. the reason to go included poverty, overcrowded europe, jail terms/debt, and the desire for religious freedom. the first european colony in the new world was plymouth in around 1620
puritanism
was affected by 17th century england, calvinism, and the new england environment. highly stratified society, closely related church and state (congressionalism), class system of england was accepted in new england
englightenment
17th-18th century, the “age of reason,” started in 1662 when the royal society founded the british scientific academy. newton (structured universe) and locke (who argued for the use of human reason) said the universe was an orderly system and man could understand it using reason. the world became comprehensible and benevolent, people paid less attention to nature, seeing every event as a divine message from old-fashioned.q
deism
valued progress from religion to science. america is becoming civilized; history moves not towards gods millennium but human progress resting on individual energy and character, humans = naturally good, NO ORIGINAL SIN, harmonious universe and clock maker for a god, everything operates under rules
Alexander Pope
“Know then thyself, presume not God to scan, the proper study of mankind is man.”
John Locke
tthe mind is a blank slate at birth; no innate ideas of good or evil.
Poor Richard’s Almanac Aphorisms
- Fish and visitors stink in three days.
- Hunger never saw bad bread.
- Little rogues easily become great ones.
- Who has deceived thee as often as thyself?
- Wish not so much to live long as to live well.
what is an american?
de crevecoeur
a model of christian charity
john winthrop
of plymouth plantation
william bradford
the prologue; verses upon the burning of our house; to my dear and loving husband
anne bradstreet
on the religion of nature
phillip frenerau
the way to well; poor richards almanac
ben franklin
age of reason, common sense,
thomas paine
thanatopsis, to a waterfowl
Bryant
Nature; Self-Reliance
Emerson
Walden; Civil Disobedience
Thoreau
Ethan Brand, Young Goodman Brown, Rappaccini’s Daughter, and the Scarlet Letter
Hawthorne
Rip Van Winkle; the Legend of Sleepy Hollow
Washington Irving
Moby Dick
Herman Melville
The fall of the House of Usher. the raven, the masque of the red death, annabel-lee, sonet–to science
Edgar Allen Poe
over-soul
the idea that humanity and nature share a universal soul, and everything is driven by this creative force
brook farm
the attempt at a Utopian society with transcendentalist influences
transcendentalism
“philosophy based upon the doctrine that the principles of reality are to be discovered by the study of the processes of though, or a philosophy emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical.”
Fundamental beliefs:
1. Nature is fundamentally good.
2. “Organic” art–artists should invent new forms and not rely on tradition.
a. everything is alive, related and meaningful
b. all reality is organically, naturally connected and alive
3. individualism–the individual is beholden to no institute outside the self.
4. Intuition–basic truths come by way of intuition rather than the senses or reason
5. Nature is symbolic–everything in nature is significant and symbolic of spirit.
6. Oversoul–humanity and nature share a universal soul.
7. Everyone can experience God firsthand.
8.Principle: structure of the universe literally duplicated the structure of the individual self, and that all knowledge therefore beings with self-knowledge.
concord, massachusetts
the town in which the small, primary group of transcendentalists lived.
romanticism
the philosophy focusing on intuition, imagination, nature and the individual.
revolution (origin of transcendentalism)
transcendentalismoccured during the age of the industrial revolution, which lessened the focus on the individual, making them parts of machines. Thus, this philosophy was a revolution in itself–it encouraged people to break away from the crowd of society and develop their own. identities. This movement was also a response to the enlightenment and on the eve of the civil war (1861-65)
Gothic
“noting or pertaining to a style of literature characterized by a gloomy setting, grotesque, mysterious, or violent events, and an atmosphere of degeneration and decay. “The movement is vertical–it represents the mind, the “dungeon” being the subconscious (where real fear resides)
- The characters typically involved in a Gothic story are the dangerous man, the safe man, the wise old man, and the questing woman. The final element of Gothic literature is new life–think a birth or marriage.
- The movement has post-Roman influences, leaning towards Medieval. It is also largely influenced by Germanic fairy tales and castles (spooky, irregular architecture).
- Romantics used Gothic settings to represent the mind and what happens within an individual.
