Quarter 1 Final Flashcards
1
Q
List 5 Ben Franklin Aphorisms
A
- There is no gains without pains.
- God gives all things to industry.
- Meanness is the parent to insolence.
- He that lives upon hope will die fasting.
- Hunger never saw bad bread.
2
Q
Deism
A
- Valued progress
- America is advancing from barbarism to civilization
- Did not rely on the Bible for their assumption that there was a God, just by looking at creation
- Humans are inherently good (no original sin)
- God as a clock maker; everything can be explained through reason
- Tabula rasa (blank slate), man is born with a empty mind upon which life is inscribed
- Famous deists: Alexander Pope, Ben Franklin, George Washington, James Madison, John Locke, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, Voltaire, etc.
3
Q
“Know then thyself, presume not God to scan,/The proper study of mankind is man.”
A
Alexander Pope
4
Q
Ben Franklin
A
- Perfect example of a man of the Enlightenment, self-educated, public-spirited, speculative of the world, and optimistic about religion.
- a secularized puritan who asked questions involving ethics, self-discipline, and public service.
- Major work: Poor Richard’s Almanac
5
Q
William Bradford
A
- an original Dutch Pilgrim
- wrote in “plaine” to tell the “simple truth,” this was an account of the actions of “the new Israelites”
- writes what is known as a “Jeremiad”–a puritan writing based on the bible’s prophetic books where they call for a return to earlier–more holy–times.
6
Q
John Winthrop
A
- Puritan
- Governor of the Mass. Bay Colony
- Wrote “A Model of Christian Charity”
- This work served as a manifesto for the Puritan people covering politics, economics, and religion. It also contained a warning and spoke of the covenant they had entered with God.
- “A city upon a hill,” refers to the Israelites in Exodus, Winthrop says that if they fail they may die and would have shamed God.
7
Q
Henry VIII
A
- denounced Catholicism
- made the church of England to divorce his first wife Catherine of Aragon (children included Bloody Mary who returned England to Catholicism and Henry who died)
- second wife, Anne Boleyn (children included Elizabeth, future queen of England, protestant; and Edward who died)
8
Q
“What is an American”
A
Hector St John de Crevecoeur:
- Highly nationalistic praise of America post revolution
- speaks of america as a melting pot
- industrious people
9
Q
“A model of christian charity”
A
John Winthrop:
- describes how to be a good christian
- explains the necessity of a rich and poor population, rich must be generous to the poor
- excessive wealth = bad
- serves as a warning to puritans to maintain a good society and be a city upon a hill
- the joys and comforts of predestination
10
Q
“Of Plymouth Plantation”
A
William Bradford:
- describes life in Plymouth
- relationship with natives, natives = beasts, puritans = heroes protected by Gods will
- divine providence
- writes in plaine style
- called for a return to the earlier more pure times
11
Q
“Poor Richard’s Almanac, Autobiography Pt. 2, and the Way to Wealth”
A
Ben Franklin:
- stole wise sayings about everyday life and the importance of not staying idle and being industrious
- describes his life and his goal to better himself by listing 13 important virtues and working on one a day
- describes the way to wealth as being industrious, hardworking, not sloth, and rising early and waking early
- frugality
- self-discipline
- independence
- the importance of religion for shaping society
- indsutry
12
Q
“Empire of Liberty”
A
Gordon Wood (Famous historian):
- Describes the desire by Enlightenment thinkers of revolution era America for a unique cultural development within the country that would surpass Europe’s
- This never really happened but it showed the extreme nationalism of the era centered around the liberties awarded to the people and the enlightenment ideals that surrounded the new republic
- Federalism goes against Enlightenment
- Describes the negative effects of Paine’s attacks on Christianity (no support for French Rev., Enlightenment, and Republican ideals in general).
13
Q
“On the Religion of Nature”
A
Freneau:
- Religion should be discovered through nature
- Anti-puritan views, nature is good; nurture is bad–no original sin
14
Q
“Age of Reason”
A
Thomas Paine:
- A critical review of Scripture
- Compares christian stories to Greek and Roman mythology
- he attacked the church (catholic) for being corrupt
- said that “special revelations” were false
- supported his deist beliefs
- and explained the importance of reason
- pro-french (really all countries or peoples that advocated for revolution from a tyrannical government/monarchy)
- one of the foremost republican thinkers of the time
- supported neoclassicism, public virtue, a balanced government, and virtuous citizenship.
15
Q
“A General History of Virginia”
A
John Smith:
- Smith’s experience with native Americans
- describes them as welcoming despite being treated badly by the Europeans
- captured by natives but was released because he explained how the earth works (cultivation?)
- initiated into tribe and saved by Pocohantus
- had to acquire 2 guns to be accepted as Powhatan’s son
- more divine providence/active hand of God crap
