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IB Psychology > Semester 1 Final > Flashcards

Semester 1 Final Flashcards

0
Q

Bouchard et all

A

Correlational study

Nature v. nurture

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1
Q

Brain plasticity

A

The ability of the brain to adapt to it’s environment in order to survive

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2
Q

Marmont

A

White hall study; higher you are = less stress; lower = diabetes, mental health issues, heart disease, stress risk is higher

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3
Q

Endocrine system

A

Manufactures hormones, secretes hormones, controls growth, controls metabolism

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4
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

When a participant anticipates the aim of the researcher and skews their results to help the researcher

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5
Q

Blind sight

A

People cannot see one side (field) regarding due to anatomical brain changes

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6
Q

William James

A

1st American psychologist

Father of functionalism

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7
Q

Functionalism

A

Can’t understand human behavior by breaking it down; understanding how separate parts work together to create the human experience

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8
Q

Reductionist

A

Breaking something down to the smallest form

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9
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Medical doctor background

Psychodynamic perspective

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10
Q

Psychodynamic

A

To understand human behavior you have to understand the unconscious mind and emphasis on the role of explaining early childhood experiences to explain human behavior

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11
Q

Eric Erison

A

Studied with Freud; separated b/c Freud focused too much on sex

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12
Q

Behaviorism

A

Human behavior is best understood by understanding the environment

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13
Q

Pavlov and B.F. Skinner

A

Behaviorist

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14
Q

Albert Andura, Aaron Beck, Albert Ellis

A

Humanism

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15
Q

Humanism

A

Individuals behavior is a result of self esteem, self identity, and reaching their own potential

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16
Q

2 subdivisions of the nervous system

A

Central and peripheral nervous systems

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17
Q

Central nervous system is composed of..

A

Brain and spinal cord

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18
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell

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19
Q

Peripheral system is composed of…

A

Nerves that run all over the body

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20
Q

Neurons are made of…

A

Axon and dendrite

21
Q

Axon

A

Have fibers that extend away from the neuron; send message away

22
Q

Dendrite

A

Receive information

23
Q

Synapse

A

End of signal lines = terminals

24
Q

Name 3 different types of neurons

A

Motor, sensory, and interneurons

25
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Send info from sensory to central nervous system

26
Q

Motor neurons

A

Send signals from brain to muscles

27
Q

Inter neurons

A

Neurons housed waiting central nervous system

28
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Controls involuntary reactions; made up of sympathetic and parasympathetic

29
Q

Sympathetic

A

Alerts body (fight or flight)

30
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Calms the body; regulate energy source use

31
Q

Mylen sheath

A

Protects axons and dendrites so messages can quickly be sent

32
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Branch of peripheral; conveys information from muscles to the nervous system and skin

33
Q

Neuro transmitter

A

Chemical transmitters that allow for communications to be transmitted

34
Q

Social learning theory

A

Albert bandura; one way to learn is through social experiences

35
Q

Social learning theory:

Attention

A

What you attend to or give your time to observe

36
Q

Social learning theory:

Retention

A

How you take in, retain, and form memories of observations

37
Q

Social learning theory:

Motor reproduction

A

Draw upon memory, then do it yourself

38
Q

Social learning theory:

Reinforcement

A

Behavior is valved by individual then repeated

39
Q

Cortisol

A

Stress hormone; glucocorticoids

40
Q

Carol shively

A

Examine monkeys social hierarchy has an effect on plaque in arteries; dominant monkeys have clear pathways

41
Q

Roseboon

A

Stress in the womb of babies in the Dutch Hunger Winter effects them negatively later in life

42
Q

Jay Giedd

A

Frontal cortex undergoes growth spurt; teenage years have large impact on brain function later in life

43
Q

Bouchard

A

70% nature 30% nurture

44
Q

Sapolsky

A

30 year baboon tribe study about stress

45
Q

Jirtle and Waterland

A

Gave pregnant mice Methol enriched foods and their babies were skinny rather than obese

46
Q

Maguire et all 2000

A

London taxi drivers
Conclusion: strengthening of connections between neurons in a well used part of the brain
MRI

47
Q

Brefczynski-Lewis et all 2007

A

Effects of meditation on the brain
Conclusion: brain plasticity of the brains ability to actively tune out distractions were higher among experienced meditators fMRI

48
Q

Ogden 2005

A

HM had hippocampus removed to cute epilepsy; lost long term memory; Janet (CT scan) hemineglect due to tumor

49
Q

Gazzaniga

A

Severed corpus callosum and studies the two different hemispheres of the brain

50
Q

LeDoux

A

Two memory paths involving the amygdyla one is short and one is long, or direct and indirect; direct when danger

51
Q

Rozenwig, Bennett, and Diamond 1972

A

Enriched environments for rats increased brain mass and number of folds

IB Psychology (2 decks)

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