Semester 1 bio exam (2/2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is produced as a byproduct when electrons are taken from water during the light-dependent reactions?

A

Oxygen gas

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2
Q

During the Calvin cycle, how many carbon dioxide molecules are needed to produce one sugar molecule?

A

Six

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3
Q

What happens to the majority of 3-carbon molecules produced in the Calvin cycle?

A

They are converted back to 5-carbon molecules

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4
Q

At what temperature range do photosynthetic enzymes function optimally?

A

0°C to 35°C

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5
Q

What adaptation do CAM plants use to conserve water?

A

They only open their stomata at night

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6
Q

What distinguishes C4 plants from other plants?

A

They form a 4-carbon compound first

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7
Q

What happens to the energy level of electrons after passing through the first electron transport chain?

A

It decreases

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8
Q

What is the primary role of accessory pigments in photosynthesis?

A

To surround and support photosystems

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9
Q

Which process directly uses the products of light-dependent reactions?

A

Calvin cycle

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10
Q

What adaptation helps plants in dry climates prevent water loss?

A

Waxy coating

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11
Q

In CAM plants, what happens to carbon dioxide during daylight hours?

A

It’s released from organic acids

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12
Q

What is the primary function of ATP in living cells?

A

To provide immediate energy for cellular work

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13
Q

How many phosphate groups are present in ATP?

A

Three

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14
Q

What happens when cells need to release energy from ATP?

A

They break bonds between phosphate groups

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15
Q

Compared to glucose, how much energy does ATP store?

A

1/90th the energy

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16
Q

What are organisms called that must obtain energy by consuming other organisms?

A

Heterotrophs

17
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?

A

Chloroplasts

18
Q

What is the name of the stacked membrane structures in chloroplasts?

A

Grana

19
Q

Why do plants appear green?

A

They absorb all colors except green

20
Q

What compound accepts high-energy electrons during photosynthesis?

A

NADP+

21
Q

Which part of the chloroplast contains the fluid outside the thylakoids?

A

Stroma

22
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose and oxygen

23
Q

Which type of reactions in photosynthesis require direct sunlight?

A

Light-dependent reactions

24
Q

What happens to chlorophyll in autumn?

A

It breaks down first