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506 > Semester 1 > Flashcards

Semester 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 dimensions of nursing?

A
  1. Nursing practice
  2. Nursing education
  3. Nursing research
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2
Q

What are the 7 critical attributes of a profession?

A
  1. Specialised education
  2. Research of orientation
  3. Autonomy
  4. Body of knowledge
  5. Service orientation
  6. Code of ethics
  7. Professional
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3
Q

Describe the 4 domains of competency for nursing practice

A
  1. Professional responsibility: professional, legal and ethical responsibilities and cultural safety
  2. Management of nursing care: assessment and managing health consumer care, which is supported by nursing knowledge and evidence-based research
  3. Interpersonal relationships: interpersonal and therapeutic communication w health consumers, other nursing staff and inter professional communication documentation
  4. Interprofessional health care and quality improvement: demonstrating that, as a member of the health care team, the nurse evaluates the effectiveness of care and promotes a nursing perspective w/in the interprofessional activities of the team
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4
Q

8 Principles of the Code of Conduct

don’t need to memorise

A
  1. Respect their dignity and individuality
  2. Respect their cultural needs and values
  3. Work in partnership w them to promote and protect their wellbeing
  4. Maintain their trust by providing safe and competent care
  5. Respect their privacy and confidentiality
  6. Work respectfully w colleagues to best meet health consumers’ needs
  7. Act w integrity to justify health consumers’ trust
  8. Maintain public trust and confidence in the nursing profession
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5
Q

Purpose of the Privacy Act (1994)

A

Agencies must know why they are collecting health info. and collect only the info they need.

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6
Q

Who is the health and disability commissioner?

A

Anthony Hill

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7
Q

What are the Health and Disability Commissioner Code of Rights?

A
  1. Right to be treated w respect
  2. Right to freedom from discrimination, coercion, harassment and exploitation
  3. Right to dignity and independence
  4. Right to services of an appropriate standard
  5. Right to effective communication
  6. Right to be fully informed
  7. Right to make an informed choice and give informed consent
  8. Right to support
  9. Rights in respect of teaching or research
  10. Right to complain
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8
Q

What are the 4 aims of nursing?

A
  1. Promote health
  2. Prevent illness
  3. Restore health
  4. Facilitate coping with a disability and death
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9
Q

Draw the Nursing Knowledge diagram

A

Hexagon:

  • ‘Self’ in the centre
  • Clockwise from the top: emotional, physical, social, environmental, spiritual, mental
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10
Q

What is the HPCA Act (2003)?

A

The law which protects the public by providing a framework for practice for all health practitioners

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11
Q

What is the significance of Grace Neill?

A
  • First person to draft the New Zealand’s Nurses Registration Act in 1901
  • set the standard of professional services and care.
  • Determines what you need to do to become a nurse.
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12
Q

Who published the HPCA Act?

A
  • NZ Nursing Council

appointed by the ministry of health

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13
Q

Who handles any breaches in the HPCA/complaints against health practitioners?

A

The Disciplinary Tribunal

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14
Q

Examples of how sustainability relates to nursing practice

A
  • Health resources
  • Environmental resources (e.g. water)
  • Nurse health (i.e. not being overworked)
  • Recycling
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15
Q

Describe the zone of helpfulness diagram; give examples of the extremes.

A

Middle: Zone of helpfulness - therapeutic relationship
Left: Under-involvement; e.g. delaying care or treatment, neglect, using disrespectful or humiliating language, not protecting privacy
Right: over-involvement; boundary violations e.g. revealing feelings or aspects of personal life, initiating a romantic or sexual relationship with the client

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16
Q

Describe professional power & venerable consumers

A
  • Nurses by virtue are placed in a position of power which is inherent in their professional role. Therefore they have a fiduciary responsibility to clients, due to the vulnerability of the client
  • Since the client is vulnerable due to limited knowledge and health circumstances, it is the nurses responsibility to maintain professional boundaries.
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17
Q

What is the code of conduct for nurses?

A

A set of standards defined by the council describing the behaviour or conduct that nurses are expected to uphold

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18
Q

Overview of the 12 Rules of the Health Privacy Code (1994)

A
  1. Only collect health info if you really need it/where possible
  2. Get health info straight from the people concerned
  3. Tell them why you really need it
  4. Be considerate when you’re collecting it
  5. Take care of it while you have it
  6. People can see their health info if they want to
  7. They can correct it if it’s wrong/they want to
  8. Make sure health info is correct before you use it
  9. Get rid of it when you’re done with it
  10. Only use health info for the same purpose for which it was collected
  11. Only disclose it if you have a good reason
  12. Only assign unique identifiers where permitted
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19
Q

Consequentialism vs deontology

A
  • Consequentialism is where an action is morally judged as right or wrong ACCORDING TO THE CONSEQUENCES it produces
  • Deontology is the basis of all moral action IRRESPECTIVE OF THE CONSEQUENCES; i.e. the actions are everything
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20
Q

What are the 9 ethical principles? Give an example scenario of each.

A
  1. Autonomy; the right of individuals to self-determination; assumes they have the wisdom to make the best choice
    E.g. Ensuring the health service responds to cultural diversity and that the nurse recognises cultural norms.
  2. Beneficence; doing good; Performing the action/s leading to an outcome that now, or in the future, would be regarded as worthwhile
    E.g. Using expert nursing knowledge to bring about professional good in relation to the client’s health
  3. Non-maleficence; doing no harm; Avoidance of harm and the prevention of future harm
    E.g. Promoting the safety of clients by means of competent and safe nursing practice
  4. Justice; treating people fairly
    E.g. Respecting the rights of individual people, their dignity, needs and values
  5. Confidentiality; privacy of written or spoken information, or of observed body language, acquired through privileged access
    E.g. Being mindful of the privileged nature of client info nurses gain.
  6. Veracity; truthfulness; Actions, speech and behaviour that ensure communications between individuals and/or groups are honest and truthful
    E.g. Communicating with the client in an open, honest and truthful manner
  7. Fidelity; being faithful to one’s commitments to others
    E.g. Being faithful in all commitments to clients, so promoting trust as an integral component of the nurse-client relationship
  8. Guardianship of the environment and its resources; respect and protect the environment and its resources
    E.g. Practising and teaching health practices that actively support the conservation of the environment and resources
  9. Being professional; being accountable for your nursing practice and accepting responsibility for your action and decision-making
    E.g. Advocating for appropriate health services for clients.
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21
Q

Describethe overall purpose and aim of Quantitative research designs

A

Search for truth in an objective and controlled manner

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22
Q

Articulatethe aims of Qualitative research

A

Searches for meaning in a subjective and uncontrolled manner

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23
Q

Articulatethe value of Qualitative research and what insights are gained through Qualitative research

A
  • Gives the lived experience, how it feels

- Identifies different solutions and improvements

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24
Q

Articulatethe meaning of reflection in relation to personal growth as an individual and nurse

A

Reflection allows us to adapt, grow and develop both personally and professionally by using our experiences as a learning tool.

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25
Q

Why do we reflect?

A
  • Maximises learning from experience
  • promotes high quality care
  • ensures cares is appropriate and effective
  • aids in the elimination of ritualistic practice (encourages improved ways of doing things)
  • promotes theory/practice integration
  • promotes personal and professional growth
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26
Q

Identifyexplain the necessary components of reflective practice. Give an example of each.

A
  1. Self-awareness; e.g. being aware that you were uncomfortable with what happened
  2. Reflection; being able to learn from an experience
  3. Critical thinking; exploring a situation and pulling it apart
27
Q

Understandthe role of supervision as a method of professional reflection

A

Facilitates personal reflection in order to enhance individual practice

28
Q

Definecritical thinking

A

the ability to analyse information objectively and make a reasoned judgments

29
Q

Define rigor

A

How well the research methods adhere to the paradigm and methodology from which they were designed

30
Q

Identifythe components of Quantitative rigor

A
  1. Control: process to hold the conditions constant
  2. Manipulation: researcher manipulates one group
  3. Randomisation: random assignment of participants to groups
  4. Blinding: hiding or withheld info to avoid bias or placebo effect
31
Q

Identifythe components of Qualitative Rigor

A
  1. Credibility: truth of findings; how confident is the researcher?
  2. Dependability: auditability, accountability trail
  3. Transferability: fittingness, faithfulness; can it be generalised?
  4. Confirmability: can it be confirmed by other studies?
32
Q

Define paradigm tension

A
  • Quantitative and qualitative viewed as being in direct competition with one another
  • Historically, we viewed controlled studies, quantitative research as the gold standard, now this has moved - value is now recognised in qualitative research.
33
Q

Components of evidence based practice

A
  1. Best research evidence
  2. Clinical expertise
  3. Patient values
34
Q

Define paradigm and its purpose

A
  • A position/view of understanding the world that is shard by a community of researchers
  • guides direction of research, identifies the perspective of the researcher, considers purpose of the Q and the need for generalizability
35
Q

Define qualitative research

A

Uses observation and subjective information to gather non-numerical data - feelings and unique experiences/perspectives; search for meaning; holistic; multiple realities; uncontrolled setting

36
Q

Define quantitative research

A

Uses objective measurements to gather numerical data; search for truth; concise, narrow, deductive; cause and effect relationships

37
Q

Describe ontology

- what does it mean for quantitative and qualitative methodologies?

A
  • the study of existence; the researcher’s view of the nature of reality or being
  • Quantitative = positivist approach
  • Qualitative = interpretive approach
38
Q

Define epistemology

- what does it mean for quantitative and qualitative methodologies?

A
  • Study of knowledge; searches for truth
  • Quantitative = knowledge is generated through experimentation
  • Qualitative = knowledge is generated through human experience and interaction
39
Q

Define methodology

A
  • provides a framework for conducting a study

e. g. qualitative or quantitative

40
Q

Define positivist approach

A
  • Belief that there is a single reality which can be measured and known
  • Focus on facts
  • Reductionist
41
Q

Define the interpretive approach

A
  • Belief that there are multiple realities, which are interpreted
  • Focus on meanings
  • Socially constructed; describe, explore & generate meaning
  • Naturalistic (reality is not fixed)
42
Q

Define the critical approach

A
  • Considering all aspects

- Mixed method approach

43
Q

Describe the nursing metaparadigm

A

4 concepts:

  • Person; the recipient of care
  • Environment; internal and external factors
  • Health; a person’s wellbeing; defined by person
  • Nursing; nursing actions
44
Q

What are the 4 annual practicing certificate requirements for RNs?

A
  1. complete 60 days (or 450 hours) of practice in the last 3 years
  2. complete 60 hours of professional development in the last 3 years
  3. meet the Council’s competencies for their scope of practice.
  4. Pay the fee
45
Q

Explain why sustainability is an important component of nursing knowledge

A
  • Preserves resources; environmental, material, financial and human.
  • Capacity to: assess community, consider the economic climate, encourage local empowerment
46
Q

Identify 3 sustainable challenges for the future of the nursing profession *

A
  • Envisage alternative, sustainable ways to improve equity and promote health
  • act and advocate
  • educational practice
47
Q

Who published the Code of Rights? Is it law?

A
  • Health and Disability Commissioner

- yes

48
Q

How is the Health and Disability Commissioner Code of Rights enforced? How does this impact on your practice?

A
  • Gives rights to all consumers

- Need to make sure we are not breaching any of the rights

49
Q

How is the HPCA Act enforced?

A
  • NZNC regulates it by requiring nurses to have an annual declaration of continuing competence.
  • Competence is completing:
    60 days/450 hours of practice in the last 3 years,
    completing 60 hours of professional development in the last 3 years, &
    meeting the council’s competencies for their scope of practice.
50
Q

Who issued the Health Privacy Code?

A
  • Privacy Commissioner
51
Q

How is the Health Privacy Code enforced?

A

Under the Privacy Act

52
Q

What is the purpose of the NZNC Guidelines: Professional boundaries?
What is it based on?

A
  • to provide advice to nurses on maintaining appropriate professional relationships w health consumers
  • the standards of the code of conduct
53
Q

Explain the NZNC social media guidelines and its purpose

A
  • Document which helps nurses think about their use of social media and electronic communication in relation to standards of professional conduct
  • Must maintain confidentiality and privacy, behaviour must be respectful, and a professional boundary bw you and your client must be made
54
Q

Summarise the NZNC scope of practice for registered nurses.

Is it law?

A
  • 3 types: RN, Nurse practitioner, EN
  • Allows NZNC to incl. conditions in each SOP that describes the specific area that the nurse may work in to ensure their competence
  • Yes
55
Q

What’s the difference bw NZNO and NZNC?

A
  • NZNO: Nurses union, represents nurses and midwives

- NZNC: is the regulatory authority responsible for the registration of nurses

56
Q

What is EBN and what are its 3 components?

A
  • an approach to making quality clinical decisions and nursing care
    1. Best Research evidence
    2. Clinical expertise
    3. Patient values
57
Q

What is propositional knowledge?

A

Formal knowledge - knowledge generated by research that is generalisable

58
Q

What are the 3 most common philosophical positions of a researcher?

A
  • Positivist (quantitative)
  • Interpretive (qualitative)
  • Critical (mixed method)
59
Q

What are the steps in Gibbs reflective cycle?

A
  1. Description
  2. Feelings
  3. Evaluation
  4. Analysis
  5. Conclusion (what else could you have done)
  6. Action plan
60
Q

What is non-propositional knowledge?

A

Informal knowledge gained through practice, experience and observation

61
Q

what are the 3 main methodologies for Quantitative research?

A
  • Descriptive study
  • Correlational study
  • quasi-experimental design
62
Q

what are the 4 main methodologies for Qualitative research?

A
  • Phenomenology
  • Ethnography
  • Grounded theory
  • Case study
63
Q

Purpose of the HCPA (2003)

A

To protect the health and safety of members of the public

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