semester 1 Flashcards

1
Q

name process that converts mRNA -> protein

A

translation

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2
Q

what 2 DNA bases = purines and which ones = pyrimidines

A

purine = adenine and guanine
pyrimidines = cytosine and thymine

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3
Q

what is the difference between amylose and amylopectin

A

amylose = i3- is incorporated into amylose helix - blue colour = formed
Amylopectin - no iodine reaction with this molecule - yellow colour = formed [no Iodine = incorporated]

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4
Q

whats the function of the shine delgarno seqyence

A

it is a ribosome binding site - RNA polymerase binds to small subunit [30S]
it has a consensus of 5’ rGGAGG 3’

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5
Q

list 2 protein denaturing agents

A

heat and change in pH

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6
Q

Which of the following lipids is the major fuel store in the body?
(a) Glycerophospholipid (b) Triacylglycerol (c) Sphingolipid
(d) Sterol (e) None of these

A

Triacylglycerol

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7
Q

what 2 antibiotics inhibit ribosome

A

streptomycin and erythromycin

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8
Q

what is the function of lipases

A

when triacylglycerol stores are broken down to supply energy - this enzyme catalyses the release of 3 fatty acids from the glycerol backbone so it can be used to generate energy

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9
Q

list 3 methods for testing the presence of reducing sugars

A

fehlings, benedicts and barfoeds tests [BBF]

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10
Q

Does the presence of cholesterol in a biological membrane increase or
decrease the fluidity of the membrane? Explain.

A

decreases the fluidity as the rigid steroid ring system of cholesterol interferes with lateral movement of fatty acids

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11
Q

What 2 transition metals are found in Folin-Ciocalteau reagent?

A

phosphomolybdic acid and phosphotungstic acid

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12
Q

State Beer-lambert law

A

A=e.c.l=log10(i0/i) [there’s a linear relationship between concentration and absorbance]
A= absorbance
e= molar absorptivity
c=concentration
l= path length
i0 = incident light
i= transmitted light

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13
Q

Which protein contains the non-standard amino acids, desmosine and
isodesmosine?

A

elastin

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14
Q

What mutation causes sickle cell haemoglobin?

A

A.A substitution of a glutamic acid-> a valine on the outside a beta chain

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15
Q

. Hexoses are very important sugars found in living organisms. Which of the 2
stereoisomers of hexoses are more common in nature?

A

D-glucose [aldohexose] and D-fructose [ketohexose]

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16
Q

what are epimers

A

D sugars that differ in configuration @ only 1 single asymmetric carbon atom i.e. D-mannose and D-galactose

17
Q

describe the structure and function of glycogen

A

an energy store - an animal polysaccharide
- include polymers units of glucose joined by alpha1->4 glyosidic bond
- highly branched - every 10 units there’s an additional alpha 1-> 6 glyosidic bond which forms a branching point
it is made and stored mainly in the liver and muscle and can be broken down by enzyme glycogen phosphorylase to release individual glucose units which are then metabolised to provide energy