Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AI and Palpation > Semen Processing and Tank Management > Flashcards

Semen Processing and Tank Management Flashcards

1
Q

list two semen organizations

A
  1. select sires

2. American breeders service

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what type of matings do semen organizations do and why?

A

planned matings; to get best potential sire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

out of 100 planned matings, how many are kept and what does that mean for AI?

A

only one (the most superior) is kept, this is why AI is superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how is semen collected?

A

with an artificial vagina on a steer for bulls to mount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how many times a week is semen collected from dairy sires?

A

6 times a week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why is the artifical vagina placed on a steer?

A

to prevent any loss of semen, but mostly bc the bulls are big bois and would crush a female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how many times a week is semen collected from beef sires?

A

twice a week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

list the 5 aspects of semen evaluation

A
  1. volume: 8-10mL
  2. concentration: 8.00x10^6-1.2x10^9/mL
  3. motility: greater than 40%
  4. morphology: less than 10% abnormal
  5. viability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

list the 2 aspects of initial semen extension (in a straw)

A
  1. viable sperm: 3.0x10^6/mL

2. straw volume: either 0.5cc or 0.25cc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how many straws are obtained from each semen collection?

A

20-40, depending on amount of viable sperm and straw volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

list the 5 aspects of semen extension (in the straw)

A
  1. isotonic media
  2. buffer
  3. nutrients
  4. cryopreservative agent
  5. antibiotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

describe what the isotonic media does for semen extension, and give an example

A

maintains osmotic pressure, minimizes H2O movement, sodium citrate is an example

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe the role of a buffer in semen extension

A

minimizes pH changes (from sperm poop)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe the role of nutrients in semen extension, and give an example

A

maintain sperm survival, egg yolk is an example (has everything life needs in theory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe the role of a cryopreservative agent in semen etension, and give an example

A

dulls the shape of crystal formation upon freezing so it doesn’t shred sperm, glycerol and insect blood are examples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe the role of antibiotics in semen extension

A

minimize bacteria growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what was the first method of packaging sperm for freezing?

A

pellets, which were weird

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the range of semen an ampoule can hold, what was it made of, and how are they to work with?

A

ranges from 0.5-5.00cc, made of glass, so very hard to work with

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the most widely accepted and used method of packaging semen and give the half and full lengths

A

straws, 0.25cc or 0.50cc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

list and describe the 3 basic aspects of semen tank anatomy in terms of insulation

A
  1. insulation: some sort of fiber
  2. vacuum: provides exception insulation
  3. plastic neck: por conductor of temperature, which aids in insulation, but makes the tank somewhat fragile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what temperature is the liquid nitrogen of the semen tank? give celsius and farenheit

A
  • 196 degrees celsius

- 320 degrees farenheit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

list and describe the 2 aspect of holding time of a semen tank

A

static time: plugged, untouched

working time: opening top, in use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the average holding time of a semen tank?

A

typically 4-8 weeks, depending on the tank

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what two measurements do semen tanks vary in?

A

volume and neck diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what 4 important things should be on every straw label?

A
  1. animal name
  2. ID
  3. freeze code
  4. CSS (certified semen services) code= ensures quality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

list 3 types of semen straws and their quantities

A
  1. french medium: 0.5cc
  2. french mini: 0.25cc
  3. german straw: 0.25 cc
27
Q

what does cryopreservation do to sperm and how?

A

kills more than 5-% of frozen sperm in straw due to ice crystal formation and osmolarity

28
Q

what influences ice crystal formation?

A

freeze rates and diameter of straw

29
Q

describe the 3 osmolarity zones in a semen straw

A

ice front zone: outer most ring, a hypotonic solution, sperm dead
optimal zone: in middle of straw, isotonic solution, sperm happy
solute zone: center of straw, hypertonic solution, sperm dead again

30
Q

what is the key to sperm survival?

A

the higher the surface to volume ratio of the packaging, the faster the thaw rate at a given temperature; the faster the thaw rate, the fewer sperm destroyed by vibrations of ice crystals during the freeze-thaw process

31
Q

what is the positive aspect of a higher surface to volume ratio?

A

sperm thaws more rapidly, meaning less time in transition from ice to liquid, resulting in less damage to sperm

32
Q

what is the downside of a high surface to volume ratio?

A

sperm are more sensitive to temperature changes in the neck and handling

33
Q

which quantity straw is better from a thaw perspective?

A

0.25cc

34
Q

which quantity straw is widely used in the US?

A

0.5cc

35
Q

what is the point of the sheath on the AI syringe?

A

to protect the animal from the stainless steel syringe

36
Q

list 2 types of AI syringes

A
  • O-ring

- Spiral

37
Q

what temperature should the semen thaw bath be (give celsius and farenheit)

A

35-37 C

100-101 F

38
Q

how long should semen be in the thaw bath?

A

30-60 seconds

39
Q

what is the reason for using straw forceps when grabbing a semen straw?

A

to prevent hurting other straws not in use

40
Q

why is it important to get the semen into the cow no later than 10-15 minutes after thawing?

A

sperm start to die as soon as thawed

41
Q

why is it important to point the syrunge dorsally when entering the repro tract?

A

to avoid hitting the urethra or suburethral diverticulum

42
Q

what is another name for the fornix?

A

blind pouch

43
Q

what is the start of the cervix called?

A

external os

44
Q

why does the poke and hope method not work for AI?

A

the fornix will get ya every time

45
Q

how do you move the syringe through the cervix?

A

manipulate the CERVIX over the syringe

46
Q

what are the two possible places for semen deposition?

A

uterine body or cornual insemination (uterine horns)

47
Q

list the 5 steps/locations in the major sequence of events following deposition of spermatozoa in the female tract

A
  1. immediate transport
  2. cervix
  3. uterus
  4. oviduct
  5. fertilization
48
Q

what happens in the first step/location in the major sequence of events following deposition of spermatozoa in the female tract?

A

in immediate transport:

  1. retrograde loss of semen
  2. phagocytosis
  3. entrance into cervix/uterus
49
Q

what happens in the 2nd step/location in the major sequence of events following deposition of spermatozoa in the female tract?

A

in the cervix:

  1. “priveleged pathways”
  2. removal of non-motile sperm
  3. removal of some abnormalities
50
Q

what happens in the 3rd step/location in the major sequence of events following deposition of spermatozoa in the female tract?

A

in the uterus:

  1. capacitation initiated
  2. phagocytosis
51
Q

what happens in the 4th step/location in the major sequence of events following deposition of spermatozoa in the female tract?

A

in the oviduct:

  1. capacitation completed
  2. hyperactive motility
52
Q

what happens in the 5th and final step/location in the major sequence of events following deposition of spermatozoa in the female tract?

A

fertilization:

  1. acrosome reaction
  2. spermatozoon penetrates oocyte
  3. male and female pronuclei form
53
Q

what is the bovine retrograde loss of sperm with natural service?

A

greater than 80%

54
Q

what is the bovine retrograde loss of sperm with AI?

A

30-60%

55
Q

how many sperm are initially released in a natural service? retrograde loss?

A

10,000,000,000, with 80% loss

56
Q

how many sperm are initially released in AI? retrograde loss?

A

less than 30,000,000, with 30-60% loss

57
Q

when do you breed when using AI?

A

12 hours after first observation of estrus

58
Q

why don’t you breed duirng estrus?

A

to avoid peak mucus production, resulting in less loss of sperm

59
Q

where DONT you deposit semen in AI?

A

the vagina

60
Q

give the percentage of sperm loss when AI deposit in: uterine body, uterine horns, and cervix

A

uterine body: less than 20%
uterine horns: less than 20%
cervix: greater than 60%

61
Q

why don’t you just deposit in the uterine body?

A

many inseminators are not actually that accurate in knowing when they are in the uterine body

62
Q

what is the advantage of depositing in the uterine horns?

A

the uterine horns are easier to feel, which eliminates accidentally depositing in the cervix

63
Q

what is the rule for depositing in the uterine horns?

A

slide until you meet resistance, deposit half, come back, tilt, deposit other half

AI and Palpation (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions