SEMEN ANALYSIS Flashcards
Where does the sperm mature and develop flagella?
Epididymis
Which gland produces most of the fluid present in semen?
Seminal vesicle
What is the function of Sertoli cells in the testis?
Provide support and nutrients for germ cells
Which component is responsible for the gray appearance of semen?
Flavin
Where is the prostate gland located?
Below the bladder
What is the primary method of collection for semen analysis to prevent contamination?
Self-production or masturbation
What does prolonged liquefaction of semen indicate?
Deficiency in prostatic enzyme
What is the normal pH range of semen?
7.2 - 8.0
Which condition is characterized by a decrease in the number of sperm cells and few motile cells?
Oligospermia
What is the primary factor affecting the penetrating ability of sperm cells through the cervical mucus barrier?
Sperm motility
What is the normal volume range of semen?
2-5 mL
Which method is used to assess sperm motility based on sperm velocity and trajectory?
Computer-assisted semen analysis
Which diluting fluid is traditionally used to immobilize and preserve sperm cells?
2.1% formalin
1.5% sodium bicarbonate
What does an increased alkaline pH in semen indicate?
Infection within the reproductive tract
Which condition is characterized by the complete absence of spermatozoa?
Azospermia
What is the function of the bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland)?
Produces alkaline mucus to neutralize acidity in the vagina
Which part of the male reproductive system surrounds the urethra and produces 20% - 30% of the fluid in semen?
A. Bulbourethral Gland
B. Prostate Gland
C. Vas Deferens
D. Leydig Cells
B. Prostate Gland
What is the primary function of the prostate gland?
A. Produces testosterone
B. Aids in sperm production
C. Produces alkaline mucus
D. Produces fluid for semen
D. Produces fluid for semen
Which gland contributes about 5% of the fluid volume in semen and forms thick alkaline mucus?
A. Bulbourethral Gland
B. Prostate Gland
C. Vas Deferens
D. Leydig Cells
A. Bulbourethral Gland
What cells are responsible for producing testosterone in the male reproductive system?
A. Bulbourethral Gland
B. Prostate Gland
C. Vas Deferens
D. Leydig Cells
D. Leydig Cells
COMPOSITION
Spermatozoa:
Seminal fluid:
Prostate Fluid:
Alkaline mucus:
Spermatozoa: 5%
Seminal fluid: 60-70%
Prostate Fluid: 20-30%
Alkaline mucus: 5%
Produced most of the fluid present in the
semen 60%-70%; transport medium of the
sperm
SEMINAL VESICLE
metabolized by spermatozoa
for the energy of the flagella to propel
them
a. fructose
b. flavin
Fructose
How should specimens be preserved for artificial insemination?
A) At room temperature
B) Preserved in frozen state at −85°C and stored for one year
C) In a refrigerator
D) No preservation needed
B) Preserved in frozen state at −85°C and stored for one year
What color indicates urine contamination in semen?
A) Red
B) Green
C) Yellow
D) Blue
C) Yellow
What does an increased pH level in semen indicate?
A) False decreased sperm count
B) Increased fertility
C) Normal condition
D) None of the above
A) False decreased sperm count
What is not a reliable method of collection because the first portion of ejaculate may be lost?
A) Self-production or masturbation
B) Condom collection
C) Coitus interruptus
D) Vaginal vault aspiration
C) Coitus interruptus
This may indicate a
possible infection within the reproductive
tract.
Increased alkaline pH
Decreased alkaline pH
Increased alkaline pH
Sperm cells are immobilized by heating.
Makler
Neubauer hemocytometer
Makler
Associated with
increased prostatic fluid, ejaculatory duct
obstruction, and poorly developed seminal
vesicles.
Increased alkaline pH
Decreased alkaline pH
Decreased alkaline pH
Utilizes undiluted specimen.
Makler
Neubauer hemocytometer
Makler
Counts should agree within 10%
Makler
Neubauer hemocytometer
Neubauer hemocytometer
What does a grade of 4 indicate in the sperm motility grading criteria?
A. No forward progression
B. Rapid, straight motility
C. Slow forward progression, noticeable lateral movement
D. No movement
B. Rapid, straight motility
Which WHO grade corresponds to “No forward progression”
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Answer: C
In alternative sperm motility grading criteria, what does “IMMOTILITY” mean?
A. Sperm moving linearly or in a large circle
B. Sperm moving with an absence of progression
C. No movement
Answer: C
In alternative sperm motility grading criteria, what is described as “SPERM MOVING LINEARLY OR IN A LARGE CIRCLE”?
A) Progressive Motility
B) Nonprogressive Motility
C) Immotility
Answer: A
VISCOSITY
- Normal:
- Reporting: 0 (watery) – 4 (gel-like
viscid to highly viscid
0 (watery) – 4 (gel-like)
should be frozen if
delay in testing is unavoidable
Artificial insemination
Fructose level Testing
Fructose level Testing
inflammation or
infection of the reproductive system that can
lead to infertility
> 1 MILLION WBC per mL
> 1 MILLION spermatids per mL
> 1 MILLION WBC per mL
disruption
of spermatogenesis
> 1 MILLION spermatids per mL
