semantic structures

Question 1

Figures of similarity: Simile

Answer 1

One thing is linked to another with a competitive particle
Example:
As brave as a lion
They fought like cats and dogs
I ran like the wind

Question 2

Figure of similarity: Metaphor

Answer 2

Characteristics of a vehicle are transfered to a tenor without mediative particle

Question 3

Metaphor: tertium comperationes

Answer 3

Link between vehicle and tenor (the salient features of the metaphor)

Question 4

Metaphor: vehicle

Answer 4

Metaphorical term in the source domain

Question 5

Metaphor: source and target domain

Answer 5

human relationships and politics
parental dominance, immaturity of the children

Question 6

Metaphor: isotopy

Answer 6

Scheme of text is made of words from the same semantic field

Question 7

Personification

Answer 7

something that is not alive is presented as if it were

Question 8

Figures of continguity: Metonymy

Answer 8

replacement of on term with another to which it is ontologically, logically or causally connected
light instead of vision

Question 9

Figures of Continguity: Synecdoche

Answer 9

replacement of a part with a whole or vice versa
sails = ships

Question 10

Euphemism

Answer 10

reference to something milder, more positive
troops retire instead of die

Question 11

Hyperbole

Answer 11

exaggeration

Question 12

irony

Answer 12

opposite of what is said

Question 13

litotes

Answer 13

reference to an element or quality by negating the opposite
Example:
not untrue, not unkind

Question 14

Oxymoron

Answer 14

Combination of two apparently contradictory terms:
heavy lightness, serious vanity

Question 15

paradox

Answer 15

an apparently contradictory statement which is found to be true on closer inspection
we die and rise the same

Question 16

pun

Answer 16

a play on words that sound the same

Question 17

Figures of Similarity: Synaesthesia

Answer 17

vehicle and tenor allude to different sensory perceptions

Question 18

Figures of similarity

Answer 18

no logical connection between the terms of comparison

Question 19

Figures of continguity

Answer 19

based on some kind of logical association

Question 20

Figures of continguity: Antonomasia

Answer 20

replacement of a generic term with a proper name or of a proper name with an epithet
Example:
A Daniel came to judgement…
o wise young jude

Question 21

periphrasis

Answer 21

discription of an element by making a reference to its characteristics
The bleating kind
More intelligent instead of smarter

Question 22

antithesis

Answer 22

juxtaposition of two logically opposed elements
“hope for the best, prepare for the worst”

Question 23

Hendiadys

Answer 23

an idea that would usually be expressed by a single noun phrase is represented by two words joined by a conjunction
Example:
From rest and sleep