PowerPoint Flashcards
criteria of Poetry
tendency towards brevity
condensation of subject matter
musicality (rhyme, scheme, metre)
external form (line, stanzas)
deviation from everyday language
The poem is two things
a structure made of words
as an event
speech situation
real Author -> fictive speaker -> subject matter -> fictive addressee -> real reader
analysis of speech Situation
deictics
personal and possessive pronouns (I, you, mine, your)
adverbials of place and time (here, there, now, then, yesterday)
describe relationships between: speaker and subject matter, speaker and addressee
The Ballad: Form
ballad stanza: four lines
rhyme scheme: alternating rhyme (often abcb)
metre: iamb (alternating: tetrameter and trimeter)
The Ballad: Content
narrative: tells a story (often love, death, the supernatural)
proximity to folk culture (minimal details about characters, supernatural occurances)
Dramatic Monologue
individualized character as speaker
a clearly specified situation
monologue as speech of a single speaker in a dialogue
speaker reveals something about himself
Process of consciousness
Insight into individual consciousness
The Sonnet: Form
14 lines
iambic pentameter
strict rhyme scheme
specific structure
The Sonnet: Content
originally: unrequited love
changed over time: woman-man, man-man, god, nature
Francesco Petrarca
father of sonnet form
main themes: the beauty of the idealized, virtuous Laura (standart repertory: arier)
The Petrarchan Concept of Love: The Beloved
beautiful
beauty mirrors her virtue
unattainable (“cruel-fair”)
The Petrarchan Concept of Love: The Poet Lover
praises the Lady
complains about his frustrated desire and funnels it into an disinterested admiration for the greater ideals represented by the Lady
construction of (male) subjectivity through poetry
Sonnet Forms: Italien sonnet
Octave + sestet
number of rhymes: 4 or 5
Volta after octave
Sonnet Forms: Wyatt’s sonnet
Octave + quatrain + couplet
number of rhymes: 5
Volta after octave
Sonnet Forms: Shakespearean Sonnet
three quatrains + closing couplet
number of rhymes: 7
Volta after three quatrains
linguistic Levels of Analysis
phonological level (sound)
morphological level (word and word formation)
syntactic level (arrangement of sentences)
semantic level (meaning)
pragmatic level (context)
rhetorical question
A Question that doesn’t expect an answer
apostrophe
phrase or speech made by a character that is addressed to a subject that is not literally present in the literary work
stylistic devices on the phonological level
alliteration
consonance
assonance
onomatopoeia
Morphological rhetorical devices
anaphora
epiphora
apanalepsis
anadiplosis
syntactical rhetorical devices
parallelism
chiasm
ellipsis
inversion
asyndeton
polysyndeton
zeugma
hysteron proteron
semantic rhetorical devices
litotes
hyperbole
euphemism
oxymoron
irony
figures of similarity
figures of continguity
The romantic period
1785 - 1832
phase of modernisation
industrialisation gathers momentum
- mass production
- capitalism and commercialisation
- change of social structure
Literary:
Turn away from rationalism
Individual as only remaining meaningful entity
romantic poets
william wordsworth
samuel taylor coleridge
The Victorian Age
1837-1901
industrial Revolution
technological progress
scientific discoveries
action instead of introspective
earnestness, moral responsibility
Sense of moral and loss
Sir Thomas wyatt (1503-1542)
- sceptical towards Petrarchan love concept
- irregular metre, natural language
- introduces sonnet form to brittain
- whose list to hunt is a imitation of petrarcas sonnet 190
