sem 2: thrombosis Flashcards
what does an arterial thrombosis result from
atheroma rupture- MI or stroke
what does a venous thrombosis result from
stasis or a hypercoagulant state
what is normal haemostasis an equilibrium between
fibrinolytic factors and coagulation factors
4 steps of injury healing
response to injury(vessel constriction)
formation of unstable platelet plug
stabilisation with fibrin
dissolution of clot an vessel repair- fibrinolysis
what are three parts of virchows triad
endothelial damage
hypercoaguability
stasis
two parts of endothelial damage
coagulation - adhere, activate, aggregrate
fibrinolysis- plasminogen activated to plasmin by TPA (expressed by activated endothelium)
two examples of blood coagulation inhibitors
anti-thrombin 3
protein c+s- degrades factor 8a and 5a
two things that will lead to hypercoaguability
factor 5 leiden- inhibits factor 5 breakdown
protein c and s deficiency-
causes of stasis
prolonged immobility stroke cardiac failure dehydration hyperviscosity polycythaemia (too much RBCs) valves
clinical features of DVT
pain, tenderness of veins
limb swelling
superficial venous distention
skin discolouration
what has a higher risk of pulmonary embolism, proximal DVT or distal DVT
proximal DVT
two examples of clot busters
plasminogen activators (tPA) streptokinase - bacterial plasminogen activator
other than clot busters, whats another way to get rid of clots
anticoagulants e.g. warfarin, heparin, direct oral anticoagulants
