[Sem 2] Physics

Question 1

Scalar

Answer 1

Only has magnitude (e.g., mass, height)

Question 2

Vector

Answer 2

Has both magnitude and direction (e.g., force, displacement)

Question 3

Distance

Answer 3

Total path length traveled; scalar (e.g., 5m)

Question 4

Displacement

Answer 4

Change in position in a specific direction; vector (e.g., 5m North)

Question 5

Frictional Force

Answer 5

Opposes motion, generates heat

Question 6

Gravitational Force

Answer 6

Pulls objects toward each other, like Earth pulling us down

Question 7

Normal Force

Answer 7

The support force from a surface, like a table holding up a book

Question 8

Tension

Answer 8

Force in a stretched rope, string, or cable pulling objects from both ends

Question 9

Elastic Force

Answer 9

The force that pulls an object back to its original shape when stretched or compressed, like a rubber band snapping back

Question 10

Magnetic Force

Answer 10

Pulls or pushes certain metals; it’s what makes magnets stick to each other or push apart

Question 11

Electromagnetic Force

Answer 11

Acts on charged particles, combining electric and magnetic effects

Question 12

Strong Nuclear Force

Answer 12

Holds particles in an atom’s nucleus together

Question 13

Weak Nuclear Force

Answer 13

Involved in certain types of radioactive decay in atoms

Question 14

Newton’s 1st Law of Motion

Answer 14

An object stays at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force

Question 15

Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion

Answer 15

F = m × a (Force equals mass times acceleration)

Question 16

Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion

Answer 16

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

Question 17

Mass

Answer 17

Amount of matter, constant regardless of location. M = Density * Volume

Question 18

Weight

Answer 18

Force due to gravity, depends on location (e.g., Earth’s gravity = 9.8 N/kg)​

Question 19

Speed

Answer 19

Rate of distance travelled, scalar (e.g., 20 km/h)

Question 20

Velocity

Answer 20

Speed with direction, vector (e.g., 20 km/h North)

Question 21

Acceleration

Answer 21

Rate of change of velocity; vector.

Question 22

Acceleration Formula

Answer 22

a = Δv / t​ (change in velocity over time)

Question 23

Work

Answer 23

Force causing displacement; W = F × d

Question 24

Power

Answer 24

Rate of work done; P = W / T​ (work over time)​

Question 25

Kinetic Energy

Answer 25

Energy of motion

Question 26

Potential Energy

Answer 26

Stored energy based on position

Question 27

Law of Conservation of Energy

Answer 27

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed​

Question 28

Efficiency

Answer 28

Measure of useful work output relative to energy input

Question 29

Efficiency Formula

Answer 29

useful energy output / total energy input × 100%