[Sem 1] Biology DNA

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 2

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Answer 2

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G).

Question 3

Which bases pair together in DNA?

Answer 3

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T), Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G). Vice versa.

Question 4

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 4

Ribonucleic acid.

Question 5

How is RNA different from DNA?

Answer 5

RNA has ribose sugar, is single-stranded, and uses Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T).

Question 6

Which bases pair together in RNA?

Answer 6

Uracil pairs with Adenine (U-A), Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

Question 7

What are the three types of RNA?

Answer 7

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.

Question 8

What do genes do?

Answer 8

Carry genetic information and code for proteins.

Question 9

What are chromosomes made of?

Answer 9

DNA and proteins called histones.

Question 10

What is transcription?

Answer 10

The process of copying DNA into RNA.

Question 11

What is translation?

Answer 11

Ribosomes reading RNA and making proteins.

Question 12

What does mRNA do?

Answer 12

Carries genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes.

Question 13

What does tRNA do?

Answer 13

Brings amino acids to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Question 14

Where is rRNA found and what is its function?

Answer 14

Found in ribosomes; it helps form the ribosome and facilitate protein synthesis.

Question 15

What are the main steps of protein synthesis?

Answer 15

Transcription and Translation.

Question 16

Name any three essential amino acids.

Answer 16

histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine

Question 17

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 17

Growth, tissue repair, and development.

Question 18

What are the phases of mitosis?

Answer 18

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis (PMATC).

Question 19

What is the purpose of meiosis?

Answer 19

To produce gametes (sperm and egg) with half the amount of chromosomes.

Question 20

How many stages does meiosis have?

Answer 20

Two stages: Meiosis I and Meiosis II.

Question 21

What are gametes?

Answer 21

Sex cells (sperm and egg).

Question 22

What are the main phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 22

Interphase (G1, S, G2) and M phase (mitosis).

Question 23

What happens during interphase?

Answer 23

The cell grows, copies its DNA, and prepares for division.

Question 24

What is cytokinesis

Answer 24

The final stage of cell division where the cytoplasm splits, forming two daughter cells.

Question 25

Where is DNA found in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 25

Freely floating in the cytoplasm and in plasmids.

Question 26

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 26

Controls cell functions and gene expression.