SEM. 2 EXAM SG Flashcards
Frantic; agitated
Frenetic
To throw into disorder
A state of disorder
Disarray
The wasting away of a body organ or tissue; progressive decline
To waste away
Atrophy
To gather bit by bit
Glean
Complete or perfect
To bring to a state of perfection
Consummate
A type of game bird
A complaint; to grumble or complain
Grouse
A fort or stronghold
Bastion
Urgency; an emergency or pressing need
Exigency
Floating debris
Homeless people
Flotsam
Harmony
A state of agreement or treaty
Concord
In a reclining position
Recumbent
To imprison
Incarcerate
Ridiculous, absurd
Ludicrous
Sharply or bitterly harsh
Mordant
Cowardly; mean-spirited
Pusillanimous
A prickly plant
To irritate severely
Nettle
A scheme to outwit an opponent
Strategem
One who holds a specific office currently
Obligatory, required
Incumbent
Of or related to money
Pecuniary
Humorous, joking, jolly
Jocular
To portray or sketch; to describe in detail
Delineate
To set apart as holy; to honor
Hallow
Fabrication of the mind
Figment
A command or mandate
Fiat
Private, secret
Esoteric
Sharpness
Acuity
To gather and store away
Garner
Fruitful; intellectually productive
Fecund
To weaken
Enervate
Devoid of moral principles
Depraved
Earthly; ordinary
Mundane
Strong attraction or inclination
Penchant
Existing everywhere
Ubiquitous
Having wide-spread acceptance
Reputed
Conceited, immoderate, excessive
Overweening
Reasoning that seems plausible but is unsound
Sophistry
Subtle or slight variation (as in color, meaning, quality)
Nuance
Costly, magnificent
Sumptuous
Shame and disgrace
Ignominy
A peculiarity
Idiosyncrasy
Involvement in wrongdoing
The state of being an accomplice
Complicity
Silly, empty of meaning
Inane
One who doubts the existence of God
Skeptical
Agnostic
A formal accusation
Indictment
The quality of being just; fair or equal treatment
The money value of property above its mortgage
Equity
Degraded, wretched
Abject
Bitter and prolonged verbal attack; a rant
Diatribe
Stopping and beginning again, sporadic
Intermittent
Someone or something that is abandoned or neglected, neglectful of duty
Derelict
A crude image of a despised person
Effigy
Certain; without doubt
Indubitable
Grotesque imitation to ridicule by imitating in a rude fashion
Travesty
A watch kept over a person, place, or thing
Surveillance
New convert; a beginner
Neophyte
Filled with trees
Sylvan
Open to discussion; unresolved, to bring up for discussion
Moot
Keenness in understanding
Perspicacity
Irritable
Testy
Complete; absolute
Plenary
A principal idea; a repeated image
Motif
What was the transcendentalist movement about?
People challenged society and they didn’t conform to the social norms
Who were 3 people from the transcendentalist movement?
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Henry David Thoreau
Sarah Margaret Fuller
Means “knowledge, understanding”, it is a philosophy which questions what knowledge is and how it can be acquired and the extent to which knowledge pertinent to any given subject or entity can be acquired
Epistemology
What years did the transcendentalist movement take place
1840-1855
What does transcend mean
To go beyond
What does transcendentalism call us to
Spiritual greatness
Search for truth which comes from individual intuition and faith rather than reason alone
What are the ideas of transcendentalism
Self reliance Individualism Self-knowledge as the purpose of life Importance of living in the present Subjectivity of good and evil Recognition of the relationship between man and nature
Who is the father of american transcendentalism
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Where did Ralph Waldo Emerson settle
Concord, Massachusetts
What was Ralph Waldo Emersons first book called and when was it published
NATURE in 1836
What did Ralph waldo emerson do with his life
Lectured
Wrote about social causes and reform, such as abolitionism
What important work did Henry David Thoreau write?
Civil disobedience
What important work did Sarah Margaret Fuller write and what did it say
Woman in the Nineteenth Century
Intuition is important as a way to know something
Everyone has male and females characteristics
We shouldnt be limited to our own gender
Self-reliance
When did the Anti-transcendentalism movement happen
1840-1855
What did anti transcendentalism do
Criticized the positive and optimistic philosophy of the transcendentalists
What did anti transcendentalists believe
The universe is confusing and difficult
Nature is dark and hard to harmonize with
Evil and suffering cannot be negated by the power of positive thinking
Human nature is stubborn and slow to change
Life is a matter of compromises and disappointments
There is a gap between human desires and human possibilities
Who wrote The Minister’s Black Veil
Nathaniel Hawthorne
What time period was the Civil War Era
1850-1880
What were big ideas of the civil war era
Resistance to slavery
A nation divided
A poetic revolution
What are spirituals
Sorrow songs created by African Americans enslaved in the South before the outbreak of the civil war
Combined Christian hymns and african music
Sung in both worship and while laboring in the field
Some served as encoded messages of hope for escape
Who is America’s national poet
Walt Whitman
What work is Walt Whitman best known for
Leaves of Grass
What is another name for Walt Whitman
The “good gray poet”
What kind of writing style did walt whitman introduce to poetry
Free verse
What did walt whitman want to do in his poetry
He wanted to project himself into the identities of Americans from ordinary walks of life and to incorporate their lives into his own
Celebrated the potential of the human spirit
Embraced every aspect of life
What were features of whitman’s poems
Catalogs Parallelism Free verse Emphasis on the physical body and all of the senses Repetition Individuality Long lines Strong diction Sensuality/sexuality Equality of all humans and the processes of nature
What were some of walt whitmans famous works
Song of myself I hear America Singing Beat Beat Drums I heard the learned astronomer give me the splendid silent sun
What were some of emily dickinsons famous works
Hope is the thing with feathers
Because i could not stop for death
Some keep the sabbath going to church
I felt a funeral in my brain
Where was emily Dickinson born
Amherst, Massachusetts
What do emily dickinsons poems do
Talk abstractions and generalizations and turn them into specific, concrete images
What are some features of her poetry
Brevity of most of her lines and stanzas
Use of the quatrain (four line stanza)
Unconventional use of punctuation and capitalization
Slant rhyme
Figurative language (similes, metaphors, personification)
Synesthesia
Expressing one sense in terms of another
Synesthesia
What is the time period of regionalism and realism
1880-1910
What did realism entail
Writing about the environment one knew
Included details of speech, dress, and behavior
Seeks to portray ordinary life as real people live it
Attempts to show characters and events in a factual way
What is the job of the realistic writer
To observe, record, and analyze
Be more objective than subjective
Be more descriptive than symbolic
What did regionalism entail
Aimed to capture the local color of the area and people it portrayed
Deals with lives of ordinary people
What is regionalism a blend of at some times
Romanticism and realism
What does good regionalist writing include
Used all elements of the local scene such as accurate descriptions of characters’ activities, dialect and accurate descriptions of nature and physical appearance of the environment being portrayed to extend insights to the universal
What is naturalism an outgrowth of
Realism
What did naturalism do
Responded to theories in science, psychology, and human behavior
During what years did naturalism take place
Late 1800s
What happens in naturalist fiction
People are often caught within forces. Of nature or society that are beyond their understanding or control
Uses a facts-only approach
What is Kate Chopin’s writing noted for
Its louisiana local color
What does kate chopin’s writing explore
It explores the roles of women in society, particularly as wives and mothers
What do people often identify Kate Chopin as
Master of irony
What are the three types of irony
Verbal, situational, and dramatic
What is verbal irony
Saying one thing and meaning another
What is situational irony
The outcome of a situation or action is quite different from what one expects
What is dramatic irony
The reader is aware of something that the character(s) is not aware of
What is Kate Chopin’s popular work
The story of an hour
Who wrote The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County
Mark Twain
Who wrote the Spoon River Anthology
Edgar Lee Masters
What was the time period of modernism
1910-1930
What are names associated with the modernism era
The Jazz Age
The Age of the Lost Generation
The Roaring Twenties
What specifically happened during the modernism period
Rebellion against social patterns Reaction against war Recovery from world war Awakening for African Americans Women's rights Consumerism Disillusionment A sense of alienation Drive for success Importance of youth and unrequited love Identify conflicts Search. For happiness Redefining of the american dream
What were the three important literary movements of modernist literature
- Stream of consciousness writing
- Imagism
- Harlem Renaissance
During what years did the Harlem Renaissance happen
1920-1935
What happened during the harlem renaissance
A group of talented African American writers produced a prolific body of literature in poetry, fiction, drama, and essay
WHo was W.E.B. DuBois and what did he do
One of the founders of the NAACP
Introduced the notion of “twoness” - a divided awareness of one’s identity as an american and a negro
What was promoted during the Harlem Renaissance
The idea that blacks could not achieve social equality by emulating white deals; equality could be achieved only by teaching black racial pride with an emphasis on an african cultural heritage
What were objectives of harlem renaissance writers
Define and renew black heritage
Protest oppression of blacks
Make other americans aware of black life
Prove that black writers could produce literature equal in quality to that of white writers
To capture the general sentiments of the American blacks of the time
What are examples of subjective pronouns
I He She They We You Who
When do you use a subjective pronoun
When it is the subject of a sentence or clause
What are examples of objective pronouns
Me Her Him Them Us Whom
What are examples of linking verbs
Is Are Was Where Has Will Shall
When are subjective pronouns used
When they follow linking verbs
When are objective pronouns used
When they follow a verb or preposition
