Sem 2 Exam Flashcards
Pretty much all content tested
What are the four steps of the design process?
Investigation, devising, production and evaluation
What does the investigation stage entail?
Target audience/market, demand, niche market design needs, values and trends
Performance criteria related to needs, values and beliefs of the developer and end user
Historical, social, cultural and political sources of design inspiration
Design fundamentals and factors affecting design
What are the design fundamentals?
Aesthetics, anthropometric data, cost, ergonomics, environmental impact and consideration, function, and safety
What design fundamental relates to the elements and principles of design?
Aesthetics
What are the elements of design?
Colour, form, line, shape, tone, texture
What are the principles of design?
Balance, contrast, dominance, proportion, repetition and rhythm
What do the elements of design combine to make?
The principles of design
What does the devising stage entail?
Using communication and documentation techniques
Apply elements and principles of design where applicable in context
Apply rapid concept development techniques to generate a variety of design ideas
Design development
Production plan
What are some documentation techniques?
Sketching and drawing, sampling, rendering, modelling, annotating drawings
Explain the stages of design development.
Collate best ideas that have been developed from sketches and drawings
Review and justify best ideas using design brief and performance criteria
2D and 3D illustrations
Describe design specifications appropriate to context
Must have client feedback along the way
What does the evaluation stage entail?
Comparing product against the design brief, initial design and performance criteria related to needs, values and beliefs of the developer and end user
Design and production processes making recommendations for improvement
What are some methods of communication with your client?
Meeting in person, emails, texts or messenger, facetime
What does the production stage entail?
Maintaining a production plan to manage processes to meet time constraints and the documentation and review of the construction of your project
What are four different types of natural timbers?
Jarrah, Australian Oak, Radiata Pine, Douglas Fir
What is the scientific name of Jarrah?
Eucalyptus marginata
What is the scientific name of Australian Oak?
Eucalyptus obliqua
What is the scientific name of Radiata Pine?
Pinus radiata
What is the scientific name of Douglas Fir?
Pseudotsuga menziesii
What are the timber testing techniques used to determine performance and suitability to end use/purpose?
Hardness - Janka hardness test
Stiffness/elasticity - placing weights in the middle of a plank between two supports
Workability - planing, nailing, chiseling, cutting
What are the chemical properties of timber?
Flammable
What order should you go in when producing a production plan for a table?
Legs, rails, sand and dry clamp, glue, make top, sand, finish, put top on
When making your ___________ ____ in the exam, you shouldn’t have too much unnecessary detail
production plan
What machinery should you know the safety procedures for?
Drop saw, table/panel saw, router: specify whether bench or hand-held, planer, thicknesser, band saw
What is the difference between pictorial/rendered sketches and rapid sketches?
Rapid sketches are to just brainstorms to give a fast, rough idea of a design idea showing the design elements and principles
Pictorial/rendered sketches are used to give your client a true representation of the product as well as a manufacturer, showing all fundamentals of design
Much like geography students, we should bring ________ _______ into our D+T exam.
coloured pencils
What should developmental sketches have?
Clear annotations on joints, materials, finishes and changes
How would you do the costing of a table from just an orthographic or pictorial view?
First label all the parts of the table, then do the costing for each part
What are the four general types of finishes for timber?
Oil, wax, lacquer and varnish
What order should you put dimensions when ordering materials?
Length, width, thickness, how many
What are the green design principles?
Efficient use of energy and materials
Pollution and waste reduction
Minimising waste at the end of the life of a product
What does laminated mean?
Glued together
What are the physical properties of Jarrah? What does it look like? And how can it be used?
- Jarrah trees grow to around 40m high and a trunk of 3m in diameter
- The timber is a deep reddish-brown to light pink colour with subtle, yet distinct grains
- Medium-high strength, high density level, difficult workability and moderate blunting effect on blades
- Used in railway sleepers, floorboards, fencing, outdoor furniture and joinery
What are the physical properties of Australian Oak? What does it look like? And how can it be used?
- Trees grow up to 90m high and a trunk of 3m in diameter
- The timber is light in colour varying from a straw colour to a brown/red colour with straight and subtle grains
- High strength, high density, difficult workability due to the timber splintering when cut
- Used for general construction, veneers, flooring and furniture
What are the physical properties of Radiata Pine? What does it look like? And how can it be used?
- Commercial trees grow to around 30m in height and a trunk of 1m in diameter
- The timber is a pale yellow/white colour with slightly darker, straight grains
- Low strength, low density, relatively easy workability
- Used for framing, plywood, veneers, construction and paper
What are the physical properties of Douglas Fir? What does it look like? And how can it be used?
- Grows to around 100m in height and a trunk of 4-5m in diameter
- The timber is a pale yellow colour with a distinct straight, but slightly wavy grain
- Medium strength, very low density, relatively good workability but blades must be kept sharp
- Used for heavy construction, veneers, flooring, lining, joinery and turning
What does ergonomics refer to and how does it impact on designs? Most likely will need to apply this to designs in the exam
Ergonomics the science of refining the design of products to optimize them for human use by using anthropometric data of the client/target market. When designing, you will need to make your product to suit this anthropometric data so it will be usable
How is lacquer applied? *Only after the piece is clean and finely sanded
Almost always sprayed on and a dust-extraction system must be used
Thin, even coats are applied by the spray-gun
Use extremely fine wet and dry sandpaper in between coats after it has dried (a couple of hours)
Minimum of 4 coats to form a protective barrier
How is wax applied? *Only after the piece is clean and finely sanded
Beeswax is applied with a cloth by first getting some on the cloth, then rubbing vigorously into the piece in a circular motion.
Leave for around 10-15 minutes before buffing off with a clean cloth or brush
Must be reapplied yearly
How is oil applied? *Only after the piece is clean and finely sanded
Applied with a brush and immediately the excess is wiped off
24 hours drying between coats and a minimum of 3 coats recommended
Must be reapplied yearly
How is varnish applied? *Only after the piece is clean and finely sanded
Thinner varnishes are sprayed on with rapid drying times
Most are applied with a brush and left to dry clear over a few hours before a light sand and the next coat
Minimum 3 coats
What are the characteristics of lacquer? Does it enhance appearance and/or protect from the environment?
Provides a solid protective layer for an indoor environment
Slightly water resistant
Not UV resistant
Brings out the colour of most timbers
Satin finish
Eventually turns the timber a yellow colour over time
What are the characteristics of oil? Does it enhance appearance and/or protect from the environment?
Weaker protective layer, but seeps deep into timber
Not waterproof
Not UV resistant
Brings out the colour of timbers very effectively
Satin finish
What are the characteristics of wax? Does it enhance appearance and/or protect from the environment?
Strong protective layer Waterproof High UV resistance Doesn't bring out the colour of timber effectively unless a stain is used Satin/matt finish
What are the characteristics of varnish? Does it enhance appearance and/or protect from the environment?
Provides a very solid protective layer Water resistant Can provide some UV resistance Enhances the natural colours of timbers Gloss/satin/matt finish
How does a niche market affect design?
The product features are aimed at satisfying specific market needs, as well as the price range, production quality and the demographics that is intended to impact.
What are the values and trends of the target market for your product? This will be in relation to certain products in the exam
Middle to high level of income results in longer-lasting fine furniture being desired. Currently 70’s style furniture is in fashion and high demand as the nostalgia for people growing up in the 70’s who are now designing furniture and making decisions on which furniture is supplied
What are the three factors that have affected manufacturing processes?
Human factors, automation and ethical issues
What is the influence that globalisation has had on the local timber industry?
High demand for our native hardwoods (Jarrah, Marri, WA Blackbutt) which has resulted in sustainable forestry practices being put in place
What is innovation?
“the development and market introduction of a new, redesigned or substantially improved good or service”
What are lifestyle choices?
“a choice a person makes about how to live and behave, according to their attitudes, tastes, and values”. These lifestyle choices, in regard to housing furnishings, are driven by the latest fashions such as the rise of DIY television shows like The Block or House Rules.
What is consumer demand?
“a measure of consumers’ desire for a product or service based on its availability”.
Essentially, consumer demand is what people want and what people are exposed to
How are innovation, lifestyle choices and consumer demand all linked?
Consumer demand is driven by the lifestyle choices of people as these are what people are exposed to and therefore is seen as fashionable and therefore what people demand. Lifestyle choices are driven by product innovation as people want to be seen to be up-to-date and modern and they achieve this by keeping up with the latest innovations. And in turn, product innovation is driven by consumer demand as people are always wanting the newest and best things in their life and always looking for efficiency and reliability which spurs innovation by companies to gain consumers of their products.
What is the influence that globalisation has had on the national timber industry?
High demand for our native timbers has resulted in schemes by the Federal Government such as the Plantations For Australia scheme and making old-growth forests national parks
What is the influence that globalisation has had on the international timber industry?
High levels of demand for old-growth timber has led to developing countries being exploited due to cheaper labour, lack of regulations around forestry and first world countries not wanting to destroy their own natural landscapes
What were the 6 criterion of the folio?
1: Statement of intent/design proposal
2: Research
3: Development of ideas and concepts
4: Production proposal (drawings, materials and planning process)
5: Evidence of production (process)
6: Finished product and final evaluation
What are some new technologies used in the cabinet making industry?
CAD software - Computer Aided Design
CNC routers and machines - Computer Numerical Controlled
What is an example of a new biodegradable timber innovation?
Biofiba made from the by-product of the Biofiba Hemp plant where the fibres are combined to make biodegradable shipping pallets
What is an example of a new composite timber innovation?
Wood/plastic composites made by combining sawdust with plastic powder to create a composite that can be shaped however desired
What are some benefits of these new timber innovations?
Less trees cut down Very minimal wastage Can be formed into any shape that allows for less used and stronger structures Equal strength in all directions Cost-effective
What are two fast-growing timbers and how fast do they grow?
Paulownia - >2m per year
Bamboo - Some can grow almost 1m in 24 hours!
What are some examples of man-made boards?
Plywood, particleboard, fibreboards (MDF, HDF), blockboard
