Sem 1 review Flashcards
isotopes
atoms of an element with different masses/numbers of neutrons
isotopoes react the same/different?
the same
ions
differently charged atoms
abundance
how many (what % of that element) has a specific atomic weight?
orbitals
a region where electrons with a given energy is likely to be found
s orbital shape
sphere
p orbital shape
dumbel
d and f shape
complez
quantum mechanical level
explain properties by treating electrons as a wave
octet rule
ions lose or gain e- to satisfy their octet. Atoms in the first 20 prefer to have an outer e- shell with 8 e-.
all ionic compounds have____ and ___
cations (+) and anions (-)
valence
relative combining capacity. most atoms have 8 valence electrons
molecules are what kind of bonded compounds?
covalently
ionic compounds are called ___ units
formula units
sulfur’s valence electron number is?
- 2 is the charge
covalent bond
nm-nm
have similar electronegativities.
Neither atom is “strong” enough to attract electrons from the other.
they share their electrons
ionic bond
nm-m
opposite ions attract each other
ionic bond naming
metal __-ide_ (nitrogen bromide)
ionic bonding naming FeCl3
iron III chloride
D block and metals have ___
roman numerals for charges
napoleon’s buttons
anything w/charged moving particles will conduct electricity
if slow down, electrons slow->break apart
electronegativity
pull force
ionic has what distances for atoms?
far 2<
polar has what distances for atoms?
kind of close
nonpolar has what distances for atoms?
really close 0.4>
acids have what element?
hydrogen
acids are ___ in air
molecular
acids are ___ in water
ionic
dalton
atomic theory
jj thompson
plum pudding
rutherford
gold foil
faraday
atoms have a relationship with electricity
heinsberg uncertainty principle
unvariably change momentum
why are iron atoms magnetic?
parallel spinning electrons
how does the quantum mechanical model treat electrons?
like quantized energy
aufbau principle
fill in from lowest
akbar was nice to bottom people
pauli
2/orbital
pauli the parrot cannot repeat twice
hunts
uppies first
planck’s theory
E=hv
e=energy
v=frequency
nitrate
NICK
NO1-/3
vowel=1
consonants=3
carbonate
CAMEL
CO2-/3
vowel=2
cons=3
sulfate
SUPPER
SO2-/4
vowel=2
cons=4
phosphate
PHEONIX
PO3-/4
vowel=3
cons=4
line spectra
certain e- give off different radiation that have their own waves of frequencies
different frequencies=different colors
photoelectric effect
when light excited e- in orbit release “color” when go back
electronegativity
how attractive and atom is to an e-in a covalent bond.
F is the hottest. As you get further away, you get uglier.
aqueous
ions are freely floating
CuSO4 (aq)
Cu and SO are in H2O
wat are less likely to give up e-?
atoms.
copper bottom pans, gold jewelry etc.
halogens are __?
atoms
F2, Cl2 etc
halides are __?
ions
F-, Cl- etc
NH3
ammonia
NH4
ammonium
halogens
F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
halides
F-,Cl-,Br-,I-
the girlie ones
Br I N Cl H O F
(brin-kl-hof)
I can’t be alooooone
covalent naming
second one has the prefix
halogens
F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
halides
F-,Cl-,Br-,I-
the girlie ones
Br I N Cl H O F
(brin-kl-hof)
I can’t be alooooone
covalent naming
second one has the prefix
halogens
F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
halides
F-,Cl-,Br-,I-
the girlie ones
Br I N Cl H O F
(brin-kl-hof)
I can’t be alooooone
covalent naming
second one has the prefix
valence electrons
outer most electrons
spectator ions stay solid/liquid/aquaeous throughout?
aqueous
oxidation
a way of keeping track of e-
the charge an atom would have if the e- belonged to the more electronegative one
a charge is 3+ or +3?
3+
an oxidation no. is +5 or 5+?
+5
AgNO3 –> Ag
reduced or oxidized?
reduced
reduced oxidation number
Pb –> PbNO3
Oxidized
reducing agent
the one that is oxidized
oxidizing agent
the one that is reduced
what is the difference between a molecule and a compound?
A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds.
why are combustion reactions considred “exceptions to the rules”?
combustion is not always direct replacements. some reactions do not follow the four types
an atom will bond with another atom if both atoms have
incomplete sets of valence electrons
in a chemical reaction, the total mass of the substances before the reaction is equal or sometimes greater sometimes smaller than the total mass before
equal to the total mass of the substances after the reactions
the numbers used to balance a chemical equation are called
a. subscripts
b. coefficients
c. superscripts
b. coefficients
the speed of light is
3*10 to the 8th
light has a characteristic of both ___ and ___
wave and particles
a heat lamp produces __ radiation
infrared
shortest to longest waves
gamma x-ray ultraviolet (visible light V-R) infrared microwaves radiowaves
true or false:
Planck proposed taht the energy emitted or absorbed by any object is restricted to quanta of particular sizes.
true
why does violet light free electrons free electrons from sodium metal but red light doesn’t?
violet light has a greater frequency and, as a result, a greater amount of energy per photon
the ___ effect shows that light i the form of a photon can collide with an electron
compton
when is color released?
when the displaces electron returns to its original place
why can’t you see hte effects of wave motion for a base ball?
as mass increases, wavelength devreases
the brightness of light depends on the ___ of the light wave
a. amplitude
b. wavelength
c. frequency
amplitude
parallel or opposing spinning electrons occupy the same orbital?
opposing
why is the third p energy level than the second p one?
the third energy level is bigger because the e- have more energy. Therefore they can be further from the nucleus.
lower pH number means
acidic (below 7)
acidic mixtures have more hydrogen or hydroxides?
more hydrogen
newton
force
pascal
pressure
joule
energy
hertz
frequency
coulomb
electric charge
mass
how heavy something is without gravity
weight
the pull of gravity on an object
accuracy
how close to the actual value
precision
how close it is to others
Hot. Low or high kinetic energy?
high
0 kelvin is what?
absolute 0
homogeneous
uniform throughout
high frequency. Low or high energy?
high
metallic bonds are?
bond by having positive ions in a sea of electrons
CNOF are?
always obey the octet rule
Be follows octet?
No. happy with 4
the principle energy levels of an atom are
n=1, n=2, n=3…
