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Chem > Sem 1 review > Flashcards

Sem 1 review Flashcards

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1
Q

isotopes

A

atoms of an element with different masses/numbers of neutrons

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2
Q

isotopoes react the same/different?

A

the same

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3
Q

ions

A

differently charged atoms

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4
Q

abundance

A

how many (what % of that element) has a specific atomic weight?

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5
Q

orbitals

A

a region where electrons with a given energy is likely to be found

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6
Q

s orbital shape

A

sphere

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7
Q

p orbital shape

A

dumbel

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8
Q

d and f shape

A

complez

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9
Q

quantum mechanical level

A

explain properties by treating electrons as a wave

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10
Q

octet rule

A

ions lose or gain e- to satisfy their octet. Atoms in the first 20 prefer to have an outer e- shell with 8 e-.

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11
Q

all ionic compounds have____ and ___

A

cations (+) and anions (-)

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12
Q

valence

A

relative combining capacity. most atoms have 8 valence electrons

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13
Q

molecules are what kind of bonded compounds?

A

covalently

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14
Q

ionic compounds are called ___ units

A

formula units

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15
Q

sulfur’s valence electron number is?

A
  1. 2 is the charge
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16
Q

covalent bond

A

nm-nm

have similar electronegativities.
Neither atom is “strong” enough to attract electrons from the other.

they share their electrons

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17
Q

ionic bond

A

nm-m

opposite ions attract each other

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18
Q

ionic bond naming

A

metal __-ide_ (nitrogen bromide)

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19
Q

ionic bonding naming FeCl3

A

iron III chloride

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20
Q

D block and metals have ___

A

roman numerals for charges

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21
Q

napoleon’s buttons

A

anything w/charged moving particles will conduct electricity

if slow down, electrons slow->break apart

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22
Q

electronegativity

A

pull force

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23
Q

ionic has what distances for atoms?

A

far 2<

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24
Q

polar has what distances for atoms?

A

kind of close

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25
Q

nonpolar has what distances for atoms?

A

really close 0.4>

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26
Q

acids have what element?

A

hydrogen

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27
Q

acids are ___ in air

A

molecular

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28
Q

acids are ___ in water

A

ionic

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29
Q

dalton

A

atomic theory

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30
Q

jj thompson

A

plum pudding

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31
Q

rutherford

A

gold foil

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32
Q

faraday

A

atoms have a relationship with electricity

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33
Q

heinsberg uncertainty principle

A

unvariably change momentum

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34
Q

why are iron atoms magnetic?

A

parallel spinning electrons

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35
Q

how does the quantum mechanical model treat electrons?

A

like quantized energy

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36
Q

aufbau principle

A

fill in from lowest

akbar was nice to bottom people

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37
Q

pauli

A

2/orbital

pauli the parrot cannot repeat twice

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38
Q

hunts

A

uppies first

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39
Q

planck’s theory

A

E=hv
e=energy
v=frequency

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40
Q

nitrate

A

NICK
NO1-/3

vowel=1
consonants=3

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41
Q

carbonate

A

CAMEL
CO2-/3

vowel=2
cons=3

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42
Q

sulfate

A

SUPPER
SO2-/4

vowel=2
cons=4

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43
Q

phosphate

A

PHEONIX
PO3-/4

vowel=3
cons=4

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44
Q

line spectra

A

certain e- give off different radiation that have their own waves of frequencies

different frequencies=different colors

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45
Q

photoelectric effect

A

when light excited e- in orbit release “color” when go back

46
Q

electronegativity

A

how attractive and atom is to an e-in a covalent bond.

F is the hottest. As you get further away, you get uglier.

47
Q

aqueous

A

ions are freely floating

48
Q

CuSO4 (aq)

A

Cu and SO are in H2O

49
Q

wat are less likely to give up e-?

A

atoms.

copper bottom pans, gold jewelry etc.

50
Q

halogens are __?

A

atoms

F2, Cl2 etc

51
Q

halides are __?

A

ions

F-, Cl- etc

52
Q

NH3

A

ammonia

53
Q

NH4

A

ammonium

54
Q

halogens

A

F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

55
Q

halides

A

F-,Cl-,Br-,I-

56
Q

the girlie ones

A

Br I N Cl H O F
(brin-kl-hof)

I can’t be alooooone

57
Q

covalent naming

A

second one has the prefix

58
Q

halogens

A

F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

59
Q

halides

A

F-,Cl-,Br-,I-

60
Q

the girlie ones

A

Br I N Cl H O F
(brin-kl-hof)

I can’t be alooooone

61
Q

covalent naming

A

second one has the prefix

62
Q

halogens

A

F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

63
Q

halides

A

F-,Cl-,Br-,I-

64
Q

the girlie ones

A

Br I N Cl H O F
(brin-kl-hof)

I can’t be alooooone

65
Q

covalent naming

A

second one has the prefix

66
Q

valence electrons

A

outer most electrons

67
Q

spectator ions stay solid/liquid/aquaeous throughout?

A

aqueous

68
Q

oxidation

A

a way of keeping track of e-

the charge an atom would have if the e- belonged to the more electronegative one

69
Q

a charge is 3+ or +3?

A

3+

70
Q

an oxidation no. is +5 or 5+?

A

+5

71
Q

AgNO3 –> Ag

reduced or oxidized?

A

reduced

reduced oxidation number

72
Q

Pb –> PbNO3

A

Oxidized

73
Q

reducing agent

A

the one that is oxidized

74
Q

oxidizing agent

A

the one that is reduced

75
Q

what is the difference between a molecule and a compound?

A

A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds.

76
Q

why are combustion reactions considred “exceptions to the rules”?

A

combustion is not always direct replacements. some reactions do not follow the four types

77
Q

an atom will bond with another atom if both atoms have

A

incomplete sets of valence electrons

78
Q

in a chemical reaction, the total mass of the substances before the reaction is equal or sometimes greater sometimes smaller than the total mass before

A

equal to the total mass of the substances after the reactions

79
Q

the numbers used to balance a chemical equation are called

a. subscripts
b. coefficients
c. superscripts

A

b. coefficients

80
Q

the speed of light is

A

3*10 to the 8th

81
Q

light has a characteristic of both ___ and ___

A

wave and particles

82
Q

a heat lamp produces __ radiation

A

infrared

83
Q

shortest to longest waves

A 
gamma
x-ray
ultraviolet
(visible light V-R)
infrared
microwaves
radiowaves
84
Q

true or false:

Planck proposed taht the energy emitted or absorbed by any object is restricted to quanta of particular sizes.

A

true

85
Q

why does violet light free electrons free electrons from sodium metal but red light doesn’t?

A

violet light has a greater frequency and, as a result, a greater amount of energy per photon

86
Q

the ___ effect shows that light i the form of a photon can collide with an electron

A

compton

87
Q

when is color released?

A

when the displaces electron returns to its original place

88
Q

why can’t you see hte effects of wave motion for a base ball?

A

as mass increases, wavelength devreases

89
Q

the brightness of light depends on the ___ of the light wave

a. amplitude
b. wavelength
c. frequency

A

amplitude

90
Q

parallel or opposing spinning electrons occupy the same orbital?

A

opposing

91
Q

why is the third p energy level than the second p one?

A

the third energy level is bigger because the e- have more energy. Therefore they can be further from the nucleus.

92
Q

lower pH number means

A

acidic (below 7)

93
Q

acidic mixtures have more hydrogen or hydroxides?

A

more hydrogen

94
Q

newton

A

force

95
Q

pascal

A

pressure

96
Q

joule

A

energy

97
Q

hertz

A

frequency

98
Q

coulomb

A

electric charge

99
Q

mass

A

how heavy something is without gravity

100
Q

weight

A

the pull of gravity on an object

101
Q

accuracy

A

how close to the actual value

102
Q

precision

A

how close it is to others

103
Q

Hot. Low or high kinetic energy?

A

high

104
Q

0 kelvin is what?

A

absolute 0

105
Q

homogeneous

A

uniform throughout

106
Q

high frequency. Low or high energy?

A

high

107
Q

metallic bonds are?

A

bond by having positive ions in a sea of electrons

108
Q

CNOF are?

A

always obey the octet rule

109
Q

Be follows octet?

A

No. happy with 4

110
Q

the principle energy levels of an atom are

A

n=1, n=2, n=3…

Chem (4 decks)

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