Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Misty/Wednesday/11:30 > Sem. 1 Final Exam > Flashcards

Sem. 1 Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Cells, __1__, Organs, __2__

A

1) Tissues

2) Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 possible outcomes when cells are irradiated.

A

1) no damage
2) temporary damage
3) permanent damage
4) cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ribosomes= ____

A

Protein Factories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

____ of our body is made of water.

A

80-85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

__1__ is the matermind/genetic code of the cell. Structure is double-helix polymer or __2__.

A

1) DNA

2) Twisted Ladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nitrogenous Base Pairs (__1__)= PURINES» Adenine and __2__. PYRIMIDINES» Cytosine and __3__.
A pairs with T and G pairs with C

A

1) Rungs and Ladders
2) Thymine
3) Guanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Somatic Cells= __1__ Chromosomes (23 pairs)-

“__2__” Number.

A

1) 46

2) Diploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Genetic Cells- __1__ Chromosomes- “__2__” Number.

XX is a __3__, XY is a __4__.

A

1) 23
2) Haploid
3) Girl
4) Boy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

__1__- Somatic Cell Division ( __2__Division)

A

1) Mitosis

2) Retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

__1__- Genetic Cell Division (__2__ Division)

A

1) Meiosis

2) Reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The cell is ____ sensitive to radiation damage during “M” Phase (Mitosis)

A

MOST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Organic compounds contain ____.

A

CARBON

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

____= 2 protons and 2 neutrons (very heavy)

A

Alpha Particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

____- average energy deposited as radiation passes through tissue.

A

Linear Energy Transfer (LET)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

____- potential tissue damage from radiation.

A

Relative Biologic Effect (RBE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

LET and RBE are __1__ proportional.

A

Directly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

____(SED)- first crude and inaccurate way to measure human dose.

A

Skin Erythema Dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

“Radiation Absorbed Dose” used to measure amount or radiation deposited in ANY object-living or inanimate.

A

Rad/Gray (Gy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

“Radiation Equivalent to Man” used to measure radiation absorbed in HUMAN tissue only.

A

Rem/Seivert (Sv)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Measure ionization IN AIR or IN AIR Exposure.

1R= 2.58 X 10 -4 C/kg

A

Roentgen (R)/ Coulombs Kg. (C/kg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Used to measure Radioactivity (usually Nuclear Medicine)

A

Curie/Becquerel (Bq)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

RADS X QUALITY FACTOR (QF)= __1__ or

GRAYS X QUALITY FACTOR= __2__

A

1) REMS

2) SEIVERTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Traditional to SI=____

A

Divide by 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

SI to Traditional=____

A

MULTIPLY by 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

X-ray, Beta Particles, Gamma (Type of Radiation)

A

1 (QF)

26
Q

Alpha Particles, Fast Neutrons (Type of Radiation)

A

20 (QF)

27
Q

____- increases radiosensitivity of tissue; important in Radiation Therapy.

A

Oxygen Enhancement Ratio (OER)

28
Q

Direct Action= __1__
Indirect Action= __2__
This is due to Radiolysis of Water.

A

1) 5%

2) 95%

29
Q

End results of Radiolysis= __1__ and __2__. Free radicals can travel and cause damage at distant sites.

A

1) H2O2 (Hydrogen Peroxide)

2) Free Radical (HO2* or Hydroperoxyl)

30
Q

Risks vs. Benefits- ____ should always outweigh risk when possible.

A

Benefits

31
Q

Always follow ALARA- aka ____

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

32
Q

____- method of explaining radiation dose to patients.

A

Background Equivalent Radiation Time (BERT)

33
Q

____- x-rays exist as waves and particles.

A

“Dual Theory”

34
Q 
Electromagnetic Spectrum:
Carry
Good
Rifles
yoU
Very
Independent
Mighty
Rebels
A 
Cosmic (shortest WL, highest frequency)
Gamma
Roentgen
Ultraviolet
Visible Light
Infrared Radiation
Microwave
Radio Waves (longest WL, lowest frequency)
35
Q

Atomic Structure:

1) ____= protons and neutrons
2) ____= number of protons
3) ____= number of protons and neutrons
4) ____= negative charges that reside in shells (K-Q)
5) ____ is greatest in K shell

A

1) Nucleus
2) Atomic Number (“Z”)
3) Atomic Mass Number (“A”)
4) Electrons
5) Binding Energy

36
Q

__1__ is a form of Terrestrial Radiation, accounts for 37% of yearly dose (__2__).

A

1) Radon

2) 2.0 mSv/yr.

37
Q

EPA recommends actions to be taken to reduce Radon levels to less than ____.

A

4.0 picocuries/liter of air

38
Q

____ is greater is higher elevations.

A

Cosmic Radiation

39
Q

__1__(1979), __2__(1986), and __3__(2012)- still studying for long term effects. Thyroid doses high in __4__ due to radioactive milk.

A

1) TMI
2) Chernobyl
3) Japan
4) Chernobyl

40
Q

____ vary from men to women do to location of anatomy.

A

Gonadal doses

41
Q

____ are plotted on Linear, Non-Threshold Dose Response Curves

A

Diagnostic and Leukemia

42
Q

____ is a whole body dose.
Three divisions are __1__(100-1,000 Rads/ 1-10 Gy), __2__ (1,000-5,000 Rads/ 10-50 Gy),
__3__ (5,000 Rads +/ 50 Gy +)

A

Acute Radiation Syndrome

1) Hematologic (Hemopoietic)
2) G.I.
3) CNS

43
Q

The higher the dose with the ARS, the ____ the latent period.

A

Shorter

44
Q

Potential long-term somatic effects of radiation include __1__ and __2__.

A

1) Cancer

2) Cataracts

45
Q

LD 50/60 is lethal dose to 50% of exposed population in 60 days (____).

A

300-400 Rems/ 3-4 Sv

46
Q

Lymphocytes are __1__ radiosensitive cells in body; Nerve cells are __2__ radiosensitive cells in body.

A

1) Most

2) Least

47
Q

Fetal dose for entire gestational period= ____.

Most sensitive during FIRST trimester.

A

0.5 Rem (not to exceed 0.05 rem/ month)

48
Q

Yearly occupational Effective Dose Limit= ____.

A

5 Rem

49
Q

Yearly non-occupational Effective Dose Limit= ____.

A

0.5 Rem

50
Q

Skin, thyroid, extremities= __1__.

Len of eye= __2__.

A

1) 50 rem/yr

2) 15 rem/yr

51
Q

Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau says that stem, immature, undifferentiated, precursor cells are ____ radiosensitive.

A

VERY

52
Q

3 types of gonadal shielding.

A

1) shaped contact
2) shadow
3) flat contact

53
Q

First step in protection is ____.

A

Optimum Collimation

54
Q

Main purpose of ____ is to decrease patient’s skin dose.

A

Beam Filtration

55
Q

If tube operates at 70 kVp or above, tube must have at least ____.

A

2.5 mm Al filtration

56
Q

3 ways to overcome motion.

A

1) short exposure time
2) clear instructions
3) restraints

57
Q

Fluoro switch must be of “____”.

A

deadman type

58
Q

__1__ uses film and can be re-read.
__2__ uses aluminum oxide.
__3__ uses lithium fluoride.
__4__ can give immediate readout.

A

1) Film badge
2) Optically Stimulated Luminescent Dosimeter OSL
3) Thermoluminescent Dosimeter TLD
4) Self-reading pocket ionization chamber

59
Q

If you start a new job with no dose record, employer should assume you have ____ of yearly dose.

A

100%

60
Q

Cumulative Dose= ____.

A

Age in years X 1 Rem

61
Q

Cardinal Rules/Principles= 1, 2, 3.

A

1) Shielding
2) Time
3) Distance

Misty/Wednesday/11:30 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions