self test q's Flashcards
Which method of enquiry in philosophy is concerned with finding the exact meaning of words?
linguistic analysis
who were the most popular exponents of linguistic analysis?
Bertrand Russel + AJ Jayer
Which philosophy claims that if we fail to solve a problem, no matter how hard we try, we are dealing with a meaningless set of words?
Linguistic analysis
on whose thinking was linguistic analysis based?
Ludwig Wittgenstein + Bertrand Russel
What did Russel + Ayer focus their work on?
logic
linguistic meaning
verifiable facts
Who moved away from supporting linguistic analysis because of his experiences in World War 1 ?
Ludwig Wittgenstein
What can linguistic analysis help us to do?
think more clearly
precise in what we mean
spot hidden assumptions in arguments
aware of manipulation + dishonesty in media + government
what can linguistic analysis NOT help us with?
moral problems life choices facing own mortality seeing people we love suffer own suffering
on what else did the philosophical movement that focused on linguistic analysis focus on ?
logic
what is the aim of logic in philosophy?
get ‘bare bones of truth’
which method of enquiry in philosophy maintains that EXPERIENCE gives us our most reliable form of knowledge?
empiricism
On which method of enquiry in philosophy is modern science based?
empiricism
what can empirisicism help us to do?
learn from experience respect natural law of universe test truth- certain claims refute whats false u.stand how physical world works
what are FAILINGS of empiricism?
ignores: human values things cant be explained scientifically confines truth is experience through senses too much emphasis is on science
what would be the consequences for us if we ignored empiricism as a method of enquiry?
fail learn from own experience
vulnerable to false things
physically injured
which philosophy did linguistic ananlysis, logical symbolism + empiricism together form?
logical empiricism
what is logical empiricism also know as?
logical positivism
what do we call the method of enquiry in philosophy that is concerned with SIGNS + SYMBOLs + way in which we interpret + u.stand them?
hermeneutics
name 4 theorists who promoted hermeneutics?
carl Jung
John Dilthey
John Mbiti
Martin Heidegger
Why is hermeutics largely ignored today?
the huge impact that sci, tech + consumerism have on todays life
which areas of human endeavour does hermeneutics focus?
art lit film crafts music poetry
list 4 main idead propagated by hermeneutics
anti-authoritarian
encourages us create own meaning + u.standing
NB= listen + observe
life experience influences way u.stand world
NB dialogue= u.stand issues
what can hermeneutics HELP us do?
create meaning
u.stand 1 another
discover hidden artistic abilities
tolerate 1 another
to what, according to hermeneutics, is our happiness linked?
creativity in any form / cultural context its produced
What would be consequences for us if we ignored hermeneutics as a method of enquiry in philosophy?
deeply unhappy people (ignore needs of others)
which method of enquiry in philosophy has dominated Western society during the last 2 centuries?
modernism
define modernism
philosophy holds sci + tech = fix anything
according modernism, what will govern the ideal world?
sci + tech
what does postmodernism tell us?
must be something else beside sci + tech that can fix things
4 aspects of human condition that postmodernism examines:
way see self
failure of sci to solve problems
is tech morally neutral?
inner needs
4 thinkers who are associated with postmodernism
JEan Baudrillard
Jacques Perrida
Michael Faucault
Jacques Lacon
which philosophies are associated with postmodernism + why?
Hermeneutics (sym +images speak us)
Empiricism (? actually going on)
Feminism (who says male=norm?)
what does postmodernism help us to do?
gain creative energy
lead freer lives
resist pressure=turn= workaholics
where does postmodernism FAIL us?
encourages destructive behaviours
despair
to what is postmodernism a response?
bewildering world of tech + virtual reality= mushroomed over past 20 yrs
What would be the consequences , if we ignored postmodernism ?
closed people (rigid value systems)
