Self study week 5 Flashcards
Ventral roots also contain preganglionic autonomic fibers at the _____ and ____ spinal cord levels.
thoracic (sympathetic) and sacral (parasympathetic)
What are the 2 somatosensory pathways?
Where do they convey information from and to?
What kind of information do they convey?
Where do these pathways make synaptic “relays” to?
The Somatosensory (body sense) Pathways: PNS to Spinal Cord to Cerebral Cortex
a. Dorsal Column Pathway:
i. Conveys information about vibration, discriminative touch, and conscious proprioception
ii. Makes synaptic “relays” in the brainstem and the thalamus
b. Lateral Spinothalamic Pathway:
i. Conveys information about “fast” pain and temperature sensation
ii. Makes a synaptic “relay” in the thalamus
Where do spinocerebellar pathways convey information from and to?
What kind of information do they convey/what do they control?
Spinocerebellar Pathways: PNS to Spinal Cord to Cerebellum
a. Receive sensory information from joint receptors, muscle receptors
b. Provide important information about position of body segments for synergy of ongoing movements and unconscious proprioception
Where do vestibular convey information from and to?
What kind of information do they convey/what do they control?
Vestibular Inputs: from inner ear (vestibular apparatus) to the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex
a. Coordinate eye and head movements
b. Link head movements to postural reflexes
Where do visual inputs convey information from and to?
What kind of information do they convey/what do they control?
Visual Inputs: from retina to the cerebral cortex and brainstem
a. Allow for processing of visual information
b. Participate in specific visual reflexes (e.g. pupillary light reflex)
Where do auditory inputs convey information from and to?
What kind of information do they convey/what do they control?
Auditory Inputs: from inner ear to the cerebral cortex and brainstem
a. Allow for processing of auditory information
b. Allow for language comprehension
c. Participate in specific auditory reflexes (e.g. orientation reflexes)
Where does the corticospinal pathway convey information from and to?
What does it function in?
What does it primarily control?
What is the effect of damage to this pathway?
The Cerebral Cortex via the Corticospinal Pathway: Cerebral Cortex to the Spinal Cord
a. Voluntary fine motor control
b. Primarily affects flexor muscles
c. When damaged the patient typically has paralysis
Where does the cerebellum and its output pathways convey information from and to?
What does this pathway control?
What is potential consequence of damage to these pathways?
The Cerebellum and its output pathways: Cerebellum to cortex and brainstem
a. Coordinates postural adjustments
b. Coordinates on-going movements
c. When damaged the patient can have ataxia
Where does the basal ganglia and its circuits convey information from and to?
What do they control?
What disorders may result from damage to basal ganglia lesions?
The Basal Ganglia and its circuits: Circuits between the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex
a. Involved in control of voluntary movements
b. Procedural learning of routine behaviors
c. “Action selection” the selection of a particular motor behavior to execute at a given time
d. When damaged, the effect depends on the specific location of the lesion. Basal ganglia lesions can result in movement disorders such as Parkinson’s and **Huntington’s Disease **
Where do the vestibulospinal and reticulospinal convey information from and to?
What do they control?
What is a potential consequence of damage to corticospinal and rubrospinal inputs to these pathways?
Vestibulospinal and Reticulospinal Pathways: from brainstem to the spinal cord
a. Control posture through regulation of primarily extensor musculature
b. When corticospinal and rubrospinal inputs to these pathways are damaged decerebrate posturing may occur
Decerebrate posture is an abnormal body posture that involves the arms and legs being held straight out, the toes being pointed downward, and the head and neck being arched backwards. The muscles are tightened and held rigidly. This type of posturing usually means there has been severe damage to the brain.
