Self-report Techniques Flashcards
Self report technique
The participant reveals personal into about themselves
Interview
Participants give information in response to direct questioning from the researcher
Questionnaire
Participants give information in response to a set of questions that are sent to them
Open question
The question is phrase in a way that allows the participants to answer in any way they choose(e.g. What do you think about X?
- produces qualitative data
AO3 -strengths of open question
- More valid response as participants have the freedom to choose their response
AO3 - weakness of open question
- Harder to spot patterns because qualitative data makes out of this between large numbers of participants responses much more difficult
Closed question
The question is phrasing a way that limits participants responses to only a few fixed options ( e.g. do you like X?)
-Produces quantitive data meaning numerical data
AO3- strengths of closed question
Quantitive data allows easy data analysis between large numbers of participant responses making it easier to spot patterns in the data set
AO3- weakness of closed question
Are limited to fixed set this can be argued to be less valid (as responses may just be the best fit not how they really feel)
Designing interviews and questionnaires: how the researcher conduct the study
-avoid complex terminology as some participants may not understand the terms used it may feel embarrassed to ask for an explanation or unable to in a questionnaire. They may guess the meaning result inaccurate response.
-Rewording questions using a school interviewees questions that part time can be rewarding( making sure not to change the question so response can be compared to other participants)
-leading questions bias the responses in One Direction to avoid the questions should be written in a way that doesn’t suggest a correct way of responding
-Pilot questions running a small scale version of the interview or questionnaire can identify questions that are confusing
-a questions question that are not linked to the research aim but can be added to interviews to put the positive at ease and build rapport more challenging questions and also reduces the demand characteristics
Structured
The interviewer reads out a list of prepared questions as they are written.
AO3 - strengths structured
-The interview does not have to be highly trained to conduct the interview
-The interview responses are easy to compare because of the same questions used
AO3- weakness of structured
responses by the participant can’t be followed up with additional questions that can provide more details
Unstructured
No set list of questions, an open convo about a topic
A03 - unstructured weakness
-requires to highly trained interior to think up appropriate questions in the moment
-Every interview will be very different making comparisons difficult
A03 -strengths of unstructured
- Rapport is more likely the participants feeling more comfortable to answer
-interesting responses can be followed up with additional questions
Semi-structured
A combination of prepared question with the ability to ask additional questions
Ao3[ strengths of semi structured
The interview responses are easy to compare because of the same questions to use
-Interviewer ask follow-up questions in response interesting answers
-Rapport is more like the participant feel more comfortable to answer
AO3 -weakness of semi structured
-requires highly trained interviewer to think up appropriate questions in the moment
AO3- strengths of self report questions
-when the same questions are use that are very easy to replicate
-The use of question allow data analysis and the use of close question the participant the opportunity to report the experience
AO3 -weakness of self report questions
Supper from buyers for example, social desirability buyers post responding in a way that makes them look good in front of the researcher
-demand characteristics
-researcher bias
_investigator effects
Questionnaires vs interviews strengths AO3
Questionnaires
-Does it require a train interview and can be distributed easily making collection a large amount of data achieve and easy process
-When you close questions research it can compare many thousands of responses easily
Interviews
-Can rephrase questions that are difficult to understand
-Can build rapport making it more likely the process will take the interview seriously
Questionnaire vs interview weakness (AO3)
Questionnaire
-questions that participate understand cannot be rephrased
-Question is often not taken seriously this can result in acquiese bias
Interviews
-expensive as the participants requires an interviewer
-An increase an interview effect the personal characteristic of the interview can order the response of the participant(e.g. facial expression)
