Self-report Techniques

Question 1

Self report technique

Answer 1

The participant reveals personal into about themselves

Question 2

Interview

Answer 2

Participants give information in response to direct questioning from the researcher

Question 3

Questionnaire

Answer 3

Participants give information in response to a set of questions that are sent to them

Question 4

Open question

Answer 4

The question is phrase in a way that allows the participants to answer in any way they choose(e.g. What do you think about X?
- produces qualitative data

Question 5

AO3 -strengths of open question

Answer 5

• More valid response as participants have the freedom to choose their response

Question 6

AO3 - weakness of open question

Answer 6

• Harder to spot patterns because qualitative data makes out of this between large numbers of participants responses much more difficult

Question 7

Closed question

Answer 7

The question is phrasing a way that limits participants responses to only a few fixed options ( e.g. do you like X?)
-Produces quantitive data meaning numerical data

Question 8

AO3- strengths of closed question

Answer 8

Quantitive data allows easy data analysis between large numbers of participant responses making it easier to spot patterns in the data set

Question 9

AO3- weakness of closed question

Answer 9

Are limited to fixed set this can be argued to be less valid (as responses may just be the best fit not how they really feel)

Question 10

Designing interviews and questionnaires: how the researcher conduct the study

Answer 10

-avoid complex terminology as some participants may not understand the terms used it may feel embarrassed to ask for an explanation or unable to in a questionnaire. They may guess the meaning result inaccurate response.
-Rewording questions using a school interviewees questions that part time can be rewarding( making sure not to change the question so response can be compared to other participants)
-leading questions bias the responses in One Direction to avoid the questions should be written in a way that doesn’t suggest a correct way of responding
-Pilot questions running a small scale version of the interview or questionnaire can identify questions that are confusing
-a questions question that are not linked to the research aim but can be added to interviews to put the positive at ease and build rapport more challenging questions and also reduces the demand characteristics

Question 11

Structured

Answer 11

The interviewer reads out a list of prepared questions as they are written.

Question 12

AO3 - strengths structured

Answer 12

-The interview does not have to be highly trained to conduct the interview
-The interview responses are easy to compare because of the same questions used

Question 13

AO3- weakness of structured

Answer 13

responses by the participant can’t be followed up with additional questions that can provide more details

Question 14

Unstructured

Answer 14

No set list of questions, an open convo about a topic

Question 15

A03 - unstructured weakness

Answer 15

-requires to highly trained interior to think up appropriate questions in the moment
-Every interview will be very different making comparisons difficult

Question 16

A03 -strengths of unstructured

Answer 16

• Rapport is more likely the participants feeling more comfortable to answer
  -interesting responses can be followed up with additional questions

Question 17

Semi-structured

Answer 17

A combination of prepared question with the ability to ask additional questions

Question 18

Ao3[ strengths of semi structured

Answer 18

The interview responses are easy to compare because of the same questions to use
-Interviewer ask follow-up questions in response interesting answers
-Rapport is more like the participant feel more comfortable to answer

Question 19

AO3 -weakness of semi structured

Answer 19

-requires highly trained interviewer to think up appropriate questions in the moment

Question 20

AO3- strengths of self report questions

Answer 20

-when the same questions are use that are very easy to replicate
-The use of question allow data analysis and the use of close question the participant the opportunity to report the experience

Question 21

AO3 -weakness of self report questions

Answer 21

Supper from buyers for example, social desirability buyers post responding in a way that makes them look good in front of the researcher
-demand characteristics
-researcher bias
_investigator effects

Question 22

Questionnaires vs interviews strengths AO3

Answer 22

Questionnaires
-Does it require a train interview and can be distributed easily making collection a large amount of data achieve and easy process
-When you close questions research it can compare many thousands of responses easily

Interviews
-Can rephrase questions that are difficult to understand
-Can build rapport making it more likely the process will take the interview seriously

Question 23

Questionnaire vs interview weakness (AO3)

Answer 23

Questionnaire
-questions that participate understand cannot be rephrased
-Question is often not taken seriously this can result in acquiese bias

Interviews
-expensive as the participants requires an interviewer
-An increase an interview effect the personal characteristic of the interview can order the response of the participant(e.g. facial expression)