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Psychology > Self Report > Flashcards

Self Report Flashcards

1
Q

What is self report?

A

Asking Participnats about their experiences/belifs or ideas through questionnaires and interviews

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2
Q

Give an example of a self report?

A

Questionnaires on underage drinking

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3
Q

What is a structured interview?

A

pre set questions

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4
Q

Strengths of a structured interview?

A
  1. easy to replicate as a fixed set of closed questions are used- high reliability
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5
Q

Weaknesses of a structured interview?

A

Very little rapport

Participants might not understand the question so questions are subject to interpretation

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6
Q

What is an unstructured interview?

A

No pre set questions

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7
Q

Strengths of unstructured interview?

A

Allows oyu to go more in depth with a particular topic

Adapt to change topics

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8
Q

Weaknesses of Unstrcutred Interview

A

Time consuming

Difficult to analys as particpants produce a large amoutn fo information

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9
Q

What is a semi strcutred interview?

A

Some questions, areas top cover but more freedom to explore ideas

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10
Q

Strengths of semi structured interview

A

More in depth information

Can prepare questions before hand to help guide the conversation and keep respondents on topic

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11
Q

What is a closed question?

A

Have predetermined answers/reponses, qualitative data

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12
Q

Strengths of closed questions?

A

More reliable, easier to analyse

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13
Q

Weaknesses of Closed Questions?

A

Does not allow partcipants to describe in detail, decreasing validity

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14
Q

What is an open question?

A

Can reposnd how they like, qualitative data

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15
Q

Strengths of open questions

A

Allows partcipants to describe in more detail- increasing validity

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16
Q

Weaknesses of open questions

A

Not reliable, difficult to analyse

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17
Q

How can we provide a more quanititaive measure?

A

Varibles could also be meausred using rating scales

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18
Q

What is a likert scale?

A

This is where poeple are given a range of answers from which they select the one that represents the extent to whcih they like or dislike something

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19
Q

Strengths of likert scale?

A

Easy to analyse, increasing reliability

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20
Q

Weaknesses of Likert Scale?

A

Restrcitive-could affect validity, central tendency bias

21
Q

What is a semantic differential scale?

A

Used to put something between two descriptive

22
Q

What are the weaknesses of a semantic differnetial scale?

A

Based on words, partcipants would need a a good grasp of language

23
Q

Streengths of semantic differential scale

A

Easy to understand and analyse, increasing reliability

24
Q

What is social desirability bias?

A

Sometimes reposndents want to please the researchder so they give answers that they think the researcher wants

25
Q

What are the other factors of social desirability bias?

A

Respondents may not be honest
Leading questions can lead to bias
May not understand the question
Low response rate

26
Q

What are the different types of validity?

A

Internal
External
Population
Ecological

27
Q

What is internal validitity?

A

Does the procedure/measure test what it says it does

28
Q

What happens when we lack internal validity?

A

I f we lack internal validity then our Porcedure/Measure isnt measuring what we say it is and our results are meaningless

29
Q

What is external validity?

A

Do the results apply to real life

30
Q

What if we lack external validity?

A

If we lack external validity then our results cannot be generalised to real populations or environment

31
Q

What is population Validity?

A

How well the results can be generalised to the target population

32
Q

What is an example of a study with a low population validity?

A

I give my empathy questionnaire to a group of 10 people, all of which are male, middle aged, muslim psychologists from Norwich

33
Q

What is ecological Validity?

A

How well the results apply to real life situations and environments

34
Q

Give an example of a study with low ecological validity?

A

I measure a young childs self control asking them what they would do if they were left alone in a completely empty room with a marshmallow that they are not allowed to eat

35
Q

Name the differnt types of reliability?

A

Internal

External

36
Q

What is Internal Reliability?

A

How consistent a meaure is within itself

37
Q

Give an example of a study with high Internal reliability?

A

If all the questions in my questionnaire are measuring empathy, then an individual should have similar scores on all the questions

38
Q

What is external reliability?

A

How consistent a measure is over time

39
Q

Give an example of a study with high external reliability

A

If you score highly on an IQ test one week, you should score highly on it again next week. Your intelligence does not change.

40
Q

Give an example of a study with low external reliability?

A

If the same measure gets different results over time, it is not consistent and so it lacks external reliability

41
Q

What is Test Retest?

A

Testing the same individual with the same measures over a period of time

42
Q

What is an example of a study having good test retest reliability?

A

If the results are the same over a period of time then the measure has a good test retest reliability

43
Q

What is split half?

A

Splitting the results of a test in two and seeing how consistent they are?

44
Q

What is an example of good split half reliability?

A

If both halves of a test have similar scores then it has split half reliability

45
Q

How can validity be improved?

A

Removing leading/unclear/socially desirable/recall questions
Adding Open questions with qualitative data
Ensuring answers will be anonymous and confident

46
Q

How can reliability be improved?

A

Training interviewers so they are standardised
Providing standardised questions
Adding closed questions with quantifiable data
Using split test/ Test- Retest methods

47
Q

What is pilot studies?

A

This is a trial run that is conducted on a smaller group of people

48
Q

What is the strengths of a pilot study?

A

This allows you to make adjustments/changes to improve the method

Psychology (6 decks)

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