Self Report Flashcards
What is self report?
Asking Participnats about their experiences/belifs or ideas through questionnaires and interviews
Give an example of a self report?
Questionnaires on underage drinking
What is a structured interview?
pre set questions
Strengths of a structured interview?
- easy to replicate as a fixed set of closed questions are used- high reliability
Weaknesses of a structured interview?
Very little rapport
Participants might not understand the question so questions are subject to interpretation
What is an unstructured interview?
No pre set questions
Strengths of unstructured interview?
Allows oyu to go more in depth with a particular topic
Adapt to change topics
Weaknesses of Unstrcutred Interview
Time consuming
Difficult to analys as particpants produce a large amoutn fo information
What is a semi strcutred interview?
Some questions, areas top cover but more freedom to explore ideas
Strengths of semi structured interview
More in depth information
Can prepare questions before hand to help guide the conversation and keep respondents on topic
What is a closed question?
Have predetermined answers/reponses, qualitative data
Strengths of closed questions?
More reliable, easier to analyse
Weaknesses of Closed Questions?
Does not allow partcipants to describe in detail, decreasing validity
What is an open question?
Can reposnd how they like, qualitative data
Strengths of open questions
Allows partcipants to describe in more detail- increasing validity
Weaknesses of open questions
Not reliable, difficult to analyse
How can we provide a more quanititaive measure?
Varibles could also be meausred using rating scales
What is a likert scale?
This is where poeple are given a range of answers from which they select the one that represents the extent to whcih they like or dislike something
Strengths of likert scale?
Easy to analyse, increasing reliability
Weaknesses of Likert Scale?
Restrcitive-could affect validity, central tendency bias
What is a semantic differential scale?
Used to put something between two descriptive
What are the weaknesses of a semantic differnetial scale?
Based on words, partcipants would need a a good grasp of language
Streengths of semantic differential scale
Easy to understand and analyse, increasing reliability
What is social desirability bias?
Sometimes reposndents want to please the researchder so they give answers that they think the researcher wants
What are the other factors of social desirability bias?
Respondents may not be honest
Leading questions can lead to bias
May not understand the question
Low response rate
What are the different types of validity?
Internal
External
Population
Ecological
What is internal validitity?
Does the procedure/measure test what it says it does
What happens when we lack internal validity?
I f we lack internal validity then our Porcedure/Measure isnt measuring what we say it is and our results are meaningless
What is external validity?
Do the results apply to real life
What if we lack external validity?
If we lack external validity then our results cannot be generalised to real populations or environment
What is population Validity?
How well the results can be generalised to the target population
What is an example of a study with a low population validity?
I give my empathy questionnaire to a group of 10 people, all of which are male, middle aged, muslim psychologists from Norwich
What is ecological Validity?
How well the results apply to real life situations and environments
Give an example of a study with low ecological validity?
I measure a young childs self control asking them what they would do if they were left alone in a completely empty room with a marshmallow that they are not allowed to eat
Name the differnt types of reliability?
Internal
External
What is Internal Reliability?
How consistent a meaure is within itself
Give an example of a study with high Internal reliability?
If all the questions in my questionnaire are measuring empathy, then an individual should have similar scores on all the questions
What is external reliability?
How consistent a measure is over time
Give an example of a study with high external reliability
If you score highly on an IQ test one week, you should score highly on it again next week. Your intelligence does not change.
Give an example of a study with low external reliability?
If the same measure gets different results over time, it is not consistent and so it lacks external reliability
What is Test Retest?
Testing the same individual with the same measures over a period of time
What is an example of a study having good test retest reliability?
If the results are the same over a period of time then the measure has a good test retest reliability
What is split half?
Splitting the results of a test in two and seeing how consistent they are?
What is an example of good split half reliability?
If both halves of a test have similar scores then it has split half reliability
How can validity be improved?
Removing leading/unclear/socially desirable/recall questions
Adding Open questions with qualitative data
Ensuring answers will be anonymous and confident
How can reliability be improved?
Training interviewers so they are standardised
Providing standardised questions
Adding closed questions with quantifiable data
Using split test/ Test- Retest methods
What is pilot studies?
This is a trial run that is conducted on a smaller group of people
What is the strengths of a pilot study?
This allows you to make adjustments/changes to improve the method
