Observation Flashcards
Name three nonexperimental?
Observation
Self Report
Correlation
What is an observational study?
Investigations where the researcher observes a situation and records what happens
Give an example of an observational study?
Behaviour within a canteen
The weakness of observational studies?
Susceptible to observer bioas
Strengths of observational studies?
Does not rely on participants ability to provide information
Allows you to see what they did rather than relying on what they say they did
What is a covert?
When particpants do not know that they are being studied
Strengths of covert?
More likely to act naturally
Weaknesses of covert
Less ethical as unaware they are being observed
What is overt?
They are aware they are being studied
Strengths of overt
More ethical as they are aware they are being observed
Weaknesses of Overt?
Less likely to act naturally
What is particpant observation?
You are taking part in the activity you are observing
Strength of partcipant?
Greater understanding of activty as you are a particpant
Weaknesses of particpant?
More likely to miss behaviors as involved in activity, harder to record
What is a structred observation?
Researchers deign a type of coding scheme to record target behaviours
Strengths of structured observation?
Easier to conduct as looking for target behaviours
Weaknesses of structured observation?
Might miss other interesting behaviours that are not target behaviours
What is non particpant?
Not partiapting in the activity you are observing
Strengths of non particpant
Unlikely to miss behaviours
Weakeness of non partipant?
Lack of understanding of activity you are observing
What is a non structured observation?
Observe what they see and record everything they see
Strengths of non strcutred observation?
Lots of information- rich data
Weaknesses of non strcutred observation?/
Hard to record everything you witness
What is an event sampling?
Consists of the researcher recording an event every time it happens. For example. Ticking a box every time someone uses their mobile phone in a lesson
Strengths of event sampling?
Unlikely to miss any target behaviours
Weaknesses of vent sampling
If too many observations happen at once, it may be difficult to record everything
What is time sampling?
Occurs when the researcher decides on a time interval (every minute) and then records what behavior is occurring at that time
Strengths of time sampling?
Not too many observations, not difficult to record
Weaknesses of time sampling?
Likely to miss target/important behaviours`
What is Naturalistic?
Takes place in a natural environment
Strength of Naturalistic?
Being able to observe in natural setting makes it higher in ecological validity
Weaknesses of Naturalistic?
Less reliable as variables are harder to control
What is a controlled environment?
Takes place in a controlled setting, usually as part of an experiment
Weaknesses of controlled environment??
More reliable as able to control variables
Strengths of the controlled environment?
Lack of ecological validity
What is inter reliability?
The degree/ level of agreement between 2 or more observers who are observing the same thing
Name the 5 keywords of essay writing?
Abstract Intro Method Results Discussion Appendices
