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Psychology > self report > Flashcards

self report Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the two types of self report techniques

A
  • questionnaire
  • interview
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2
Q

questionnaire

A
  • a written form of collecting data
  • the researcher doesn’t have to be present and the questionnaire is often completed independently
  • the person completing the questionnaire is known as the ‘respondent’
  • paper based or an electronic format
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3
Q

interviews

A
  • involves direct questioning on a topic the researcher has chosen (face to face or over the phone)
  • interviews can vary: semi structured, structured, unstructured.
  • the person being interviewed is known as the ‘interviewee’.
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4
Q

types of questions

A

open and closed

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5
Q

open questions

A
  • used to assess a persons emotions or the reason why they chose certain things
  • produces qualitative data
  • ask the participant to respond a set of questions and leave a blank space so that they can answer however they want
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6
Q

closed questions

A
  • give answers to the respondent and they have to choose which is the most appropriate
  • produces qualitative data
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7
Q

advantages of closed question

A
  • produces quantitative data
  • easy and quick for participants to respond
  • the data collected is quick and easy to compare and analyse.
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8
Q

disadvantages of closed questions

A
  • very limited choices to answer
  • can force participants to pick and choose answer that isn’t true for them
  • doesn’t provide any reasoning to why the participants have chosen the option/answer
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9
Q

advantages of open questions

A
  • provides qualitative data
  • provides rich and detailed data
  • doest force participants to give particular responses
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10
Q

disadvantages of open questions

A
  • time consuming for the patriciants to respond and for the researcher to analyse the data collected
  • answers may not be relevant to what the researcher is interested in.
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11
Q

rating scale

A
  • used when the researcher is interested in investigating peoples attitudes towards something.
  • involves the participant to make a mark at an appropriate point alongside a numerical dimension, indicating the strength and direction of their attitude.
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12
Q

advantages of rating scale

A
  • gives the researcher an idea on how strongly a person feels about a certain thing
  • provides quantitative data that can be easily compared
  • more detailed than a simple yes or no
  • easily repeated
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13
Q

disadvantages of a rating scale

A
  • doesn’t give you a reason as to why the respondents have chosen that answer
  • vulnerable to the responses set.
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14
Q

likert scale

A

a number of statements for participants to indicate whether they agree/disagree/strongly agree/strongly disagree/undecided

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15
Q

disadvantages of likert scale

A

can force a participant to say that they
agree or disagree with a statement when in reality they have no opinion due to a scale with even intervals.
- this reduces the validity of data collected

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16
Q

semantic differential

A
  • participants have to respond on a numerical scale as to how much they agree with it.
  • participants have to indicate between a series of bipolar adjectives that they would place their feelings in relation to the given topic whilst a series of spaces are provided with no numbers on each end
17
Q

types of interviews

A
  • structured
  • unstructured
  • semi-structured
18
Q

structured interviews

A
  • interviewer asks the same questions to each participant in the same order.
  • closed questions are often used with the interviewee picking the answer that mosts relates to their view
19
Q

semi structured

A

the interviewer will have a set of pre-prepared questions to ask and is expected to ask all of them. other questions will be developed during the interview in response to the answers given by the participants.

20
Q

unstructured

A

the researcher has a topic they would want to discuss but these don’t have to be in the same order for each participant.
the interview is more like a conversation with further questions being developed in response to the answers given by the interviewee

21
Q

strengths of structured interviews

A
  • high internal reliability: procedure is standardised and replicable as the same questions are asked to each participant in the same order.
  • easy to analyse and compare data due to the results being quantitative
22
Q

weakness of structured interviews

A
  • restrictive
  • may miss out on useful information
  • misunderstood and want more info
  • low in ecological validity as it produces unnatural behaviour.
23
Q

strengths of semi-structured interviews

A
  • more trustworthy for participants as the interview is more conversational
  • high in ecological validity as it produces more natural behaviour
  • produces quantitative data which is easy to analyse and compare
  • also produces qualitative data which provides rich and detailed info
  • can ask additional information to clarify and have more information
24
Q

weakness of semi-structured

A
  • low reliability as participants may have varying experiences which makes the procedure not be able to obtain the same results when repeated
  • harder to compare between participants
25
Q

strengths of unstructured interviews

A
  • high ecological validity as it produces natural behaviour.
  • high understanding between participant and interviewer making it high validity of answers
  • produces qualitative data which is filled with rich and detailed data
26
Q

weakness of unstructured interviews

A
  • low internal reliability as procedure is not standardised to each participant
  • interview covers a broad range of topics so it is hard to analyse and compare results
  • time consuming
  • hard to compare between participants
27
Q

advantages of questionnaires

A
  • cheap
  • time effective
  • anonymous
  • responses are most likely to be honest
28
Q

disadvantages of questionnaires

A
  • lacks flexibility
  • biased by motivation
  • different ways to phrase sentences making it difficult to understand
29
Q

advantages of interviews

A
  • produces qualitative data
30
Q

disadvantages of interviews

A
  • time consuming
31
Q

levels of data

A
  • interval or ratio
  • ordinal
  • nominal
32
Q

interval

A
  • highest level of data
  • analysis is made of the scores achieved by the individual participants as it uses standard universal scales (kg,mm,cm)
33
Q

ordinal

A
  • medium level pf data
  • analysis is made up of scores achieved by participants but only in relation to each other
  • their position is ranked within a group rather than their actual score
  • does not involve standard universal scales
34
Q

nominal

A
  • lowest level of data
  • ‘headcount’ of the number of participants who do one thing as opposed to another
  • the data relates to the people in groups (categories) rather than their actual scores

Psychology (3 decks)

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