self report

Question 1

open question

Answer 1

ask a participant to respond to at set question but leave a blank underneath the question so participants can answer in whatever style they chose. open questions produce qualitative data

Question 2

closed question

Answer 2

give the answer to the participant and they have to choose the most appropriate answer for them
responses can easily be turned into quantitative data

Question 3

rating scale

Answer 3

if a researcher wants to investigate people’s attitudes towards something

Question 4

rating scale advantages

Answer 4

quantitative data can be compared

Question 5

rating scale disadvantages

Answer 5

tendency to choose middle option

Question 6

likert scale

Answer 6

used to measure attitudes to certain ideas

Question 7

semantic differentials

Answer 7

a question or statement has been given and participants have to respond on a numerical scale as to how much they agree with it
semantic differentials make use of polar opposite terms

Question 8

structured interview

Answer 8

the interviewer asked the same questions, each participant in the same order. Close questions are often used, with the interviewee, picking the answer that is closest to their own view.

Question 9

semistructured

Answer 9

The interviewer will have a set of preprepared questions to ask, and is expected to ask all of them. Other questions will be developed during the interview in response to answers given by the interviewee.

Question 10

unstructured

Answer 10

The researcher has topics to discuss, but these don’t have to be in the same order for each participant. The interview is more like a conversation with further questions being developed in response to the interviewees answers. 

Question 11

advantages to questionnaires

Answer 11

compare better
faster and easier to complete
feel more honest
easy large sample size

Question 12

Disadvantages to questionnaires

Answer 12

people may not return questionnaires
people may misunderstand questions

Question 13

interviews advantages

Answer 13

can ask follow up questions
you can build a rapport with interviewees
read body language

Question 14

interview disadvantage

Answer 14

not standardised
slower to complete
more difficult to compare

Question 15

questionnaire advantage

Answer 15

compare better
faster and easier to complete
feel more honest
easy to get a large sample size

Question 16

questionnaire disadvantage

Answer 16

people may not return questionnaires
people may misunderstand questions

Question 17

interval or ratio

Answer 17

This is the highest level of data analysis is made of the scores achieved by individual participants involves the use of standard universal scales (e.g. seconds kilograms metres) the sizes of the gaps between the highest score 2nd highest score 3rd highest score et cetera I’ll take an account off as they can be measured with some precision.

Question 18

ordinal

Answer 18

This is the medium level of data analysis is made of individual scores achieved by participants but only in relation to each other (i.e. what is analysed is the rank position within a group rather than the actual scores) ordinal level data does not involve the use of standard universal scales said the account is taken of how much further highest is from second highest as the measures are not that precise.

Question 19

nominal

Answer 19

This is the lowest level of data it is a headcount of the number of participants who do you want thing as opposed to another the data relate to people and groups rather than individual scores for each participant.