Self, Family, and Peers

Question 1

Conceptions of the self: what age is when children focus on concrete and observable characteristics, see one dimension at a time and have unrealistic positives

Answer 1

Age 3-4

Question 2

Conceptions of the self: when do children see more than one dimension at a time, begin to rely on objective performance (through social comparison), but still unrealistically positive (connect this with peers)

Answer 2

Middle to late primary school

Question 3

Conceptions of the self: what age is when they have variety of selves

Answer 3

Adolescence

Question 4

What happens during early adolescence

Answer 4

personal fable: only you understand how you feel
imaginary audience: belief that everyone is focused on you

Question 5

What happens during middle teens

Answer 5

frustrated by their own behaviour and characteristics

different varieties of myself

Question 6

What happens during late adolescence and early adulthood

Answer 6

self become more integrated

reflect internalized personal values, beliefs and standards

Question 7

What stage of Erikson’s theory: if they can’t trust, they can’t form close relationships later in life

Answer 7

Basic trust vs mistrust (1)

Question 8

What stage of Erikson’s theory: independence, maturing cognitively, better motor skills, hand coordination

parents play role in controlling this age
important to keep child’s self esteem by supporting and not to be too strict

Answer 8

Autonomy vs shame & doubt (1-3.5)

Question 9

What stage of Erikson’s theory: want to be like their parents, don’t want to disappoint

Answer 9

Initiatie vs guilt (4-6)

Question 10

What stage of Erikson’s theory: competence vs excessive feelings of inadequacy

mastering cognitive and social skills: gain competence

If they feel unsuccessful: feel inadequacy

Answer 10

Industry vs inferiority (6 to puberty)

Question 11

What stage of Erikson’s theory: try to resolve who they really are

Answer 11

Identity vs role confusion (adolescence - early adult)

Question 12

during identity vs role confusion stage, what happens if they are successful in resolving who they are

Answer 12

identity achievement

Question 13

during identity vs role confusion stage, what is it called when they are depressed - feel of isolation

Answer 13

identity confusion

Question 14

during identity vs role confusion stage, what is it called when they have to be something they don’t want to be

Answer 14

identity foreclosure

Question 15

during identity vs role confusion stage, what is it called when they represent opposite value of people around them

Answer 15

negative identity

Question 16

during identity vs role confusion stage, what is called when they don’t put in any effort

Answer 16

identity diffusion

Question 17

What is called during a time out period where adolescent is not expected to take on adult rules, allow self discovery

Answer 17

psychosocial moratorium

Question 18

Influence of identity formation

Answer 18

parenting style, own behaviours (drugs, alcohol, etc), social context, historical context

Question 19

Functions of families

Answer 19

1. survival of offspring - keep the child alive
2. economic function - fees you pay that help with cognitive of the child
3. cultural training - the culture they are teaching them

Question 20

What is socialization

Answer 20

process of how child acquires values, beliefs, skills, knowledge and behaviours

Question 21

Parent’s role: direct instructors

Answer 21

telling child to do stuff

Question 22

Parent’s role: indirect socializers

Answer 22

being indirect about something a child does that child notices

Question 23

Parent’s role: social managers

Answer 23

control environment their child is exposed to

Question 24

what are the four parental behaviours

Answer 24

1. Authoritativep: high demandingness and supportiveness
2. Authoritarian: high in demandingness and low supportiveness
3. permissive: low in demandingess and high in supportiveness
4. uninvolved: low in demandingess and supportiveness

Question 25

Bidirectionally

Answer 25

parent-child relationship where parent affects child characteristics

Question 26

If living in a lower developed place, what parenting style might be better to prepare for unsafe living conditions

Answer 26

authoritarian

Question 27

Explain cliques

Answer 27

groups of 3-10 of usually the same race and sex who have similarities
11: many children’s social interaction occur within clique
11-18: increase in # of adolescents within ties to cliques & increase in stability in cliques

adolescence: girls more in cliques
7th grade: increase in cross-sex relationships
high school: cliques often include both sexes

Question 28

4 bullying types

Answer 28

Physical, verbal, social and cyber

Question 29

romantic relationships in adolescence

Answer 29

young adolescents: choose partners to raise status
older adolescence: more compatible and increase intimacy