self concept/stress Flashcards
how are coping mechanisms shaped and learned
from family, past experiences, sociocultural influences and expectations
positive or negative
additional methods create sense of emotional strength and endurance
unconscious (automatic) reactions to stressors 9
compensation denial displacement introjection projection rationalization regression sublimation undoing
what kind of effects does stress have?
effects on: physiologic function love and belonging safety and security self-esteem self-actualization
crisis occurs when…
when coping mechanisms no longer resolve the situations
what is perceived when there is a crisis
a perceived threat to self - disturbance caused by a PRECIPITATING event: perceived loss, a threat of loss or a challenge
what is a threat
something that is, or expected to, lead to an unexpected or dangerous situation affecting an individuals, group, community or whole society
characteristics of a person in crisis
time limited to 4-6 weeks
crisis is an assault to the self-concept
uniquely personalized experience
inability to cope d/t lack of frame of reference
change in normal behavior patterns become uncharacteristic of self
types of crisis
situational crisis
developmental/maturation crisis
adventitious/social crisis
situational crisis
unanticipated, sudden in onset
life event disrupts person’s psychological equillibrium
maturational/developmental crises
growth and development
events that require a role change
predictable
adventitious/social crisis
major event affecting many people
accidental/unexpected
most important way to measure a crisis impact
on the client/family rather than the specific type of crisis
8 phases of emotional reactions
high anxiety denial anger shame guilt remorse grief reconciliation
nursing assessment
want to determine the risk factors for crisis
what are the risk factors for crisis
crisis prone lifestyle -frequent exposure to losses, threats, role changes, poor life choices
failure to achieve developmental tasks
lack of supportive relationships, social problems
lack of coping skills
lack of resources
negative perception of the event
nursing diagnoses used for crisis 11
fatigue sleep pattern disturbance anxiety coping, defensive coping, individual, ineffective decisional conflict denial, ineffective fear grieving, dysfunctional hopelessness powerlessness
crisis intervention
bring person in emotional crisis to homeostasis
problem solving techniques to promote adaptive outcomes, including improved ability to cope with future crisis
5 steps for crisis intervention (step 1)
IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM
- define the problem from clients perspective (focus on immediate )
- assess situation of the client/family
- provide the opportunity to express feelings
crisis intervention step 2
LIST ALTERNATIVES, all possible solutions
crisis intervention step 3
choose best alternative for individual
crisis intervention step 4
implement the plan
nurse may need to provide support/encouragement, promote coping behaviors
crisis intervention step 5
EVALUATE THE OUTCOME
- if the plan did not work, choose another, try again
- use crisis situation to promote growth
