self concept/stress

Question 1

how are coping mechanisms shaped and learned

Answer 1

from family, past experiences, sociocultural influences and expectations
positive or negative
additional methods create sense of emotional strength and endurance

Question 2

unconscious (automatic) reactions to stressors 9

Answer 2

compensation
denial 
displacement
introjection
projection 
rationalization 
regression 
sublimation 
undoing

Question 3

what kind of effects does stress have?

Answer 3

effects on:
physiologic function 
love and belonging 
safety and security 
self-esteem
self-actualization

Question 4

crisis occurs when…

Answer 4

when coping mechanisms no longer resolve the situations

Question 5

what is perceived when there is a crisis

Answer 5

a perceived threat to self - disturbance caused by a PRECIPITATING event: perceived loss, a threat of loss or a challenge

Question 6

what is a threat

Answer 6

something that is, or expected to, lead to an unexpected or dangerous situation affecting an individuals, group, community or whole society

Question 7

characteristics of a person in crisis

Answer 7

time limited to 4-6 weeks
crisis is an assault to the self-concept
uniquely personalized experience
inability to cope d/t lack of frame of reference
change in normal behavior patterns become uncharacteristic of self

Question 8

types of crisis

Answer 8

situational crisis
developmental/maturation crisis
adventitious/social crisis

Question 9

situational crisis

Answer 9

unanticipated, sudden in onset

life event disrupts person’s psychological equillibrium

Question 10

maturational/developmental crises

Answer 10

growth and development
events that require a role change
predictable

Question 11

adventitious/social crisis

Answer 11

major event affecting many people

accidental/unexpected

Question 12

most important way to measure a crisis impact

Answer 12

on the client/family rather than the specific type of crisis

Question 13

8 phases of emotional reactions

Answer 13

high anxiety 
denial 
anger 
shame 
guilt
remorse 
grief 
reconciliation

Question 14

nursing assessment

Answer 14

want to determine the risk factors for crisis

Question 15

what are the risk factors for crisis

Answer 15

crisis prone lifestyle -frequent exposure to losses, threats, role changes, poor life choices
failure to achieve developmental tasks
lack of supportive relationships, social problems
lack of coping skills
lack of resources
negative perception of the event

Question 16

nursing diagnoses used for crisis 11

Answer 16

fatigue 
sleep pattern disturbance 
anxiety 
coping, defensive 
coping, individual, ineffective 
decisional conflict 
denial, ineffective
fear 
grieving, dysfunctional 
hopelessness 
powerlessness

Question 17

crisis intervention

Answer 17

bring person in emotional crisis to homeostasis

problem solving techniques to promote adaptive outcomes, including improved ability to cope with future crisis

Question 18

5 steps for crisis intervention (step 1)

Answer 18

IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM

• define the problem from clients perspective (focus on immediate )
• assess situation of the client/family
• provide the opportunity to express feelings

Question 19

crisis intervention step 2

Answer 19

LIST ALTERNATIVES, all possible solutions

Question 20

crisis intervention step 3

Answer 20

choose best alternative for individual

Question 21

crisis intervention step 4

Answer 21

implement the plan

nurse may need to provide support/encouragement, promote coping behaviors

Question 22

crisis intervention step 5

Answer 22

EVALUATE THE OUTCOME

• if the plan did not work, choose another, try again
• use crisis situation to promote growth