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Pharmacist Provided Care I > Self Care > Flashcards

Self Care Flashcards

1
Q

What does self-care mean?

A

The independent act of preventing, diagnosing, and treating your own illness without seeking professional advice.

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2
Q

Is consumer self-care increasing or decreasing?

A

Increasing

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3
Q

Regarding self-care, pharmacists are an…

A

…information filter.

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4
Q

What types of medications are routinely taken by self-care patients?

A
  • pain
  • cough/cold/flu/sore throat
  • allergy/sinus
  • heartburn/indigestion
  • constipation/diarrhea/gas
  • minor infections
  • skin problems
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5
Q

What 7 services can pharmacists provide in self care?

A
  • assist in product selection
  • assess patient risk factors for therapy
  • counsel on proper use and duration of therapy
  • maintain an accurate medication profile
  • assess the potential of OTC meds masking serious health conditions
  • prevent delays in seeking medical attention
  • reinforce importance of following labels
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6
Q

What 3 risk factors should a pharmacist consider in self-care?

A
  • contraindications or warnings
  • co-morbidities
  • age (children, elderly, and females of child bearing age)
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7
Q

When is self-care appropriate?

A

If the patient can self diagnose and treat without a pharmacist or other HCP–self care is used for:

  • prevention
  • treatment
  • symptomatic relief
  • cure of disease, injuries, or other conditions

(same as a prescription)

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8
Q

What is inappropriate use?

A

The use of OTCs in a way that does not follow the Drug Facts label or known guidelines.

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9
Q

How can inappropriate use be decreased?

A
  • adequate package labeling
  • more emphasis on “indication for use” versus promotion through advertising
  • patient education and counseling (how to take and consequences of taking inappropriately)
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10
Q

What exists to educate the public on OTC medications?

A

Public education campaigns like MedWise, FDA, and the Consumer Health Education Center.

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11
Q

What is the CHEC system?

A
  • C: choose a product that treats only the symptoms being experienced
  • H: heed the product label directions
  • E: examine the “active ingredients” and “warnings” on the label
  • C: consult a health care provider if you have questions or are confused
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12
Q

What are some examples of the same products being OTC and RX only?

A
  • ibuprofen
  • prilosec
  • prevacid
  • nexium

(most are in lower strength as an OTC)

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13
Q

Iron + Calcium can cause…

A

…decreased iron absorption.

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14
Q

Mineral oil + docusate can cause…

A

…increased mineral oil absorption.

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15
Q

Aspirin + garlic can cause…

A

…increased risk of bleeding.

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16
Q

Diphenhydramine + alcohol can cause…

A

…increased sedation.

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17
Q

Doxylamine + glaucoma can cause…

A

…increased intraocular pressure.

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18
Q

Ibuprofen + GI disease can cause…

A

…increased ulcer risk.

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19
Q

How can a pharmacist build a therapeutic relationship with a patient?

A
  • work with patient to achieve best possible results
  • see patient as a patient (not a customer)
  • assure patients that you will keep their information confidential
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20
Q

What information should be collected during the patient interview?

A
  • demographic (age, gender, etc.)
  • chief complaint
  • history of present illness
  • past medical history
  • family history
  • social history (smoking)
  • medication history
  • known drug allergies
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21
Q

What should be done while collecting medication history?

A

Give both brand and generic name in QuEST & SCHOLAR write ups

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22
Q

What are some questions for patient specific data?

A
  • Who is the patient?
  • How old is the patient?
  • Male or female?
  • What medical conditions or allergies?
  • Who is responsible for medication administration?
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23
Q

Describe QuEST.

A
  • always start with “How may I help you?”
  • QUickly and accurately assess the patient
  • Establish the patient is an appropriate self care candidate (not severe, persistent, returning, or avoiding medical care)
  • Suggest appropriate self care
  • Talk with the patient
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24
Q

While suggesting appropriate self care (S), what should you do?

A
  • have at least one recommendation with one back up plan
  • can suggest life style changes
  • OTC or alternative therapies and general care measures
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25
Q

While talking with the patient (T), what should you do?

A
  • discuss medication (actions, administration, and ADRs)
  • what to expect from treatment
  • appropriate follow up
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26
Q

What is the SCHOLAR acronym?

A
  • Symptoms (basic facts)
  • Characteristics (describe symptoms)
  • History
  • Onset
  • Location
  • Aggravating factors
  • Remitting factors
27
Q

What should be asked during Symptoms in SCHOLAR?

A
  • What are the main and associated symptoms?
  • How has this problem effected you in the past?

(basic facts)

28
Q

What should be asked during Characteristics in SCHOLAR?

A
  • What is the situation like?
  • Is it changing?
  • How does the problem limit your daily activities?
29
Q

What should be asked during History in SCHOLAR?

A
  • What has been done so far?
  • Has this happened in the past?
  • Do other members of your family have this concern?
30
Q

What is asked during Onset and Location in SCHOLAR?

A
  • Onset: When did it start?

* Location: Where is the problem?

31
Q

What is asked during Aggravating factors and Remitting factors in SCHOLAR?

A
  • Aggravating factors: What makes it worse? (food, meds, and physical activities)
  • Remitting factors: What makes it better?
32
Q

What is the HAMS acronym?

A
  • Health conditions (What other health conditions do you have?)
  • Allergies (What allergies do you have?)
  • Medications (What medications are you taking?)
  • Social history (What do you do for a living? Smoking? Drinking?)
33
Q

What types of questions should be avoided? What types of questions should be used?

A
  • Avoid leading questions (response is what is perceived to be the correct answer)
  • Avoid closed ended questions (answer is yes or no)
  • Avoid compound questions (two questions at the same time)
  • Use open ended questions
34
Q

After you have provided the medication information, what should you have the patient do?

A

Have the patient repeat back the instructions to make sure they have the information correct.

(What side effects will you be looking for? How will you take this medication?)

35
Q

What if you have a small window of time to interview the patient?

A
  • narrow focus of questions
  • assess drug therapy problems by asking “What questions, concerns, or problems regarding your medications do you have today?”
36
Q

What 3 things should you determine if the patient needs?

A
  • referral
  • self treatment
  • no treatment
37
Q

When should you give a patient a medical referral?

A
  • symptoms are too severe to be endured by the patient without a definite diagnosis
  • symptoms do NOT appear to be the result of something easily identifiable
  • minor but persistent symptoms or repeatedly returned despite self treatment
  • pharmacist is in doubt about the patient’s medical conditions
  • HIGH risk patients that need further assessment
38
Q

What do we need to tell the patient about a medical referral?

A

We need to discuss with the patient the reason why we are referring them.

39
Q

When referring a patient, what are the two options?

A
  • PCP (primary care provider)
  • emergency care facility

It is based on the urgency of treatment. Is the problem acute or chronic?

40
Q

What patients are considered to be high risk?

A
  • infants and children
  • advanced age
  • pregnant patients
  • nursing mothers
  • recently hospitalized

However, these patients do NOT always need to be referred.

41
Q

What are the 2 main things a referral depends on?

A
  • severity of condition

* pharmacist’s knowledge

42
Q

True/False

A pregnant patient always needs to be referred.

A

False

43
Q

Premature

A

Gestation of less than 36 weeks

44
Q

Neonate

A

First post-natal month of life

45
Q

Infant or Baby

A

Age 1 to 12 months

46
Q

Toddler

A

Age 1 to 3 years

47
Q

Preschool or Early Childhood

A

Age 3 to 6 years

48
Q

Middle Childhood

A

Age 6 to 12 years

49
Q

Adolescence

A

Age 13 to 18 years

50
Q

What are the two most common products for infants and children?

A
  • APAP

* cough and cold

51
Q

When would you generally refer a child?

A
  • If they are less than 2 years of age

* at risk due to underdeveloped body and organ function

52
Q

Child dosing is dependent on what?

A

Weight

53
Q

When is an illness considered to be more severe in children?

A

Greater risk for dehydration when vomiting and diarrhea is present

54
Q

What dosage forms are preferred for children?

A
  • liquid

* chewable

55
Q

What is common with medication administration to children?

A

Inaccurate dosing

56
Q

Do children and adults have the same adverse drug reactions?

A

Yes, it is possible the reaction in a child will be different than that of an adult.

57
Q

What percentage of women use at least one OTC medication during pregnancy?

A

45%

58
Q

What are the 3 most common OTC products used by pregnant women?

A
  • analgesics
  • vitamins and minerals (folic acid)
  • GI medications
59
Q

What is the NSAID recommendation for a pregnant woman?

A

May be at risk during the 1st and 3rd trimester

60
Q

What is the APAP recommendation for a pregnant woman?

A

It is generally ok for all trimesters

61
Q

What 3 things should we discuss with a pregnant woman when recommending OTC products?

A
  1. Explain risks and benefits.
  2. Use the smallest dose for the shortest amount of time possible
  3. Only take medications, OTC, herbals that are essential
62
Q

What is the recommendation for breastfeeding women that are taking medications?

A

Take medications immediately after feeding and drink a lot of fluids.

63
Q

What are the 3 increased prevalence of conditions in elderly patients?

A
  • arthritis
  • insomnia
  • constipation
64
Q

Why are pharmacists being used more by the elderly population?

A
  • patients are living longer
  • low cost alternative to doctor visits and prescription medications
  • pharmacist availability versus PCP
  • patients like to self diagnose and treat (want to be in control and keep cost down)

Pharmacist Provided Care I (8 decks)

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