Otic and Ophthalmic Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
What are 3 causes of dry eye?
A
- amount of tears
- combination
- poor quality of tears
2
Q
What age group, gender, environmental and medical conditions cause inadequate amounts of tears?
A
- over 65 years of age
- women (hormonal imbalance)
- medical conditions like lid/corneal defects, Sjogren, thyroid
- environmental conditions like allergens, low humidity, dry and dusty work, smoke
3
Q
What are the causes of poor quality of tears?
A
- vitamin A deficiency
- medical conditions like blepharitis or rosacea
- medications
- long term contact lens use
- refractory surgery (LASIK)
- low blink rate
- environmental
4
Q
What medications can cause dry eyes?
A
- antihistamines (chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, loratadine)
- antidepressants (bupropion, citalopram, venlafaxine)
- decongestants (naphazoline, oxymetazoline, phenylephrine)
- diuretics (HCTZ, furosemide, spironolactone)
- beta blockers (metoprolol, carvedilol, atenolol)
- oral contraceptives (estradiol, etonogestrel, norethindrone)
5
Q
What are the signs and symptoms of dry eye?
A
- sandy/gritty feeling
- white or mildly red eye
- sensation of something in the eye
- itching/burning
- blurred vision
6
Q
What are the treatment goals for dry eye?
A
- alleviate and control dryness of ocular surface
- relieve symptoms
- prevent corneal damage
7
Q
What are the exclusions for self treatment?
A
- eye pain
- blurred vision not associated with ointment use
- light sensitivity
- blunt trauma to the eye
- chemical exposure to eye
- eye exposure to heat
- symptoms more than 72 hours
- eyelid infection
- macular degeneration
8
Q
What non-pharmacologic treatment is there for dry eyes?
A
- environmental modifications (humidifier, sunglasses, smoking cessation, stay hydrated)
- WARM compress
- medication change
- eyelid therapy
- Lipiflow
- tear ducts blockade (gel/silicone)
- surgery
9
Q
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A
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