Self and personality Flashcards
Which self modifies itself in the context of socio-cultural envirnment?
Biological self
What is the notion of self efficacy based on?
Bandura’s social learning theory
What are western and asian cultures characterised as based on the dichomoties between individual and group?
Western culture if recognized as individualistic and asian culture is characterised as collectivistic.
Cross-situational consistencies of traits are high. True or false?
False. Cross-situational consistencies are low.
Which are the two typologies in charak samhita?
Tridosha and Trigunas.
Who proposed the typology based on fluid in our body?
Hippocrates
What are the four types in Hippocrates typology?
Sanguine, melancholic, phlegmatic, choleric
What are the three types of tridoshas?
Vata, Pitta, and Kapha
what are the three types of trigunas?
Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas
Name the three types in Sheldon’s typology.
Endomorphic, Mesomorphic, Ectomorphic
What were Friedman and Rosenman trying to identify when they discovered Type-A and type-B personality types?
Psychosocial risk factors
Who suggested the type-C personality?
Morris
Who is considered the pioneer of trait approach?
Gordon Allport
According to Gordon Allport, what is the nature of traits?
Dynamic nature
Who used factor analysis to derive his theory?
Raymond Catell
name the test developed by Raymond Catell.
Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire(16PF)
Who proposed a theory stating that personality can be reduced into dimensions based on biology and genetics?
HJ Eysenck
Name the two psychologists who came up with the Big Five Factors.
Paul Costa and Robert McCrae
Which is the most empirical approach in the study of personality?
Five-Factor Model of Personality
On which principle does id function?
Pleasure principle
Which principle governs the ego?
Reality principle
How does the superego control the id?
By internalising the parental authority through the process of socialisation.
Which forces energise the id?
Life instinct and death instinct
According to Frued, if a person considers the world a bitter place then on which stage of personality development that did that person endure difficulties?
Oral stage
What conflict does the anal stage establish in a child?
Conflict between id and ego
Which is the critical component of the resolution of the Oedipus complex?
Identification with the same-sex parent.
What causes psychological disorders, according to Karen Horney?
Disturbed interpersonal relationships during childhood.
Name Carl Jung’s personality theory.
Analytical psychology
Name Alfred Adler’s theory.
Individual psychology
Who considered humans as social beings?
Eric Fromm
The behaviour approach gives importance to internal dynamics of behaviour. True or false?
False. The behaviourists believe in data.
For most behaviorists, what is the structural unit of personality?
Response
Name two people who have contributed to the development of humanistic perpective.
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
Which condition was named by Carl Rogers to ensure enhancement of people’s self-concept?
Unconditional positive regard
Name the therapy technique developed by Carl Rogers.
Client-centered therapy
Name the theory introduced by Maslow.
Hierarchy of needs
Who used factor analysis to come up with primary traits?
Raymond catell
who suggested that the best method to assess someone was to ask them about themselves?
Gordon Allport
what are the full forms of MMPI and JMPI?
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory
Jodhpur Multiphasic Personality Inventory
How many statements does MMPI have?
567 statements
who developed mmpi and jmpi?
hathaway and McKinley
mallick and joshi
how many traits are present in each dimension of EPQ?
32
Projective techniques give objective scoring and are quantitative. true or false?
False. they cannot be scored in an objective manner and are qualitative.
who developed the rorschach inkblot test?
Hermann rorschach
How many inkblots are there in the rorschach test?
10
which are the two phases of the rorschach inkblot test?
performance proper and inquiry
for which projective technique has a computer technique for analysis available?
rorschach inkblot test
full form of TAT?
The Thematic Apperception test.
Who developed TAT?
Morgan and Murray
How many cards are present in TAT and how many cards are suffiecient per person?
30 are present and 20 are appropriate for a subject.
who developed the indian version of TAT?
Uma chaudhury
which projective technique focuses on aggression?
Rosenzweig’s Picture-Frustration Study (P-F study)
who developed indian version of P-F study?
Pareek
omission of facial features in draw a person test suggest?
evasion of highly conflict ridden interpersonal relaltionship.
emphasis on neck in draw a person test suggests?
lack of control over impulses
disproportionately large head in draw a person test suggests?
organic brain disease and pre-occupation with headaches.
which interveiw method goes beyond the response of subject?
Diagnostic interviews
it is impossible to not have an idea of your self. true/false?
false, a newly born child has no idea of its self.
self is a part of identity. true/false?
false, idendity is a part of self
what do you think forms the basis of self?
experiences
what is frequent method used to find out someone’s self concept?
asking them about themselves directly
in which areas do children form a sense of self esteem by the age of 6 or 7?
academic competence, social competence, physical/ athletic competence and physical appearance
what are some psychological techniques for self control?
observation of own behaviour, self instruction and self reinforcement.
what is the nature of the boundary between self and the other?
shifting nature
from where has the meaning of the word personalit been derived from?
latin word ‘persona’, a mask used in roman theatres by actors to change their face make up
according to gordon allport, what role do traits play in response to a stimulus?
traits are considered intervening variables that occur between the stimulus situation and response of the person
according to allport, variation in traits doesn’t affect the response to a stimulus situation. true/false?
false, any variation in traits will ellicit a different response to the same situation
who believed that thereis a common structure on which people differ from each other?
raymond catell
which claim given by frued in terms of a particular defense mechanism has been debunked by studies?
projection reduces anxiety and stress
which instinctual force energises the id? what principle governs it?
libido, pleasure principle
name the stages where:
i) sexual urges are inactive
ii) conflict between ego and id arises
iii) child becomes aware of sexuality
iv) interaction with the opposite sex in a mature way
v) feelings about the world are established
latency anal phallic genital oral
failure to pass successfully from a stage can lead to which two outcomes?
fixation and regression
what are the names of the theories that came after frued’s?
neo-analytic or post-freudian theories
archetypes in our collective unconscious are aquired. true/false?
false, they are inherited
women are more likely to be affected by biological factors. true/false?
false, women are more likely to be affected by socio and cultural factors
according to behaviorists, what is considered as personality development?
change in response characteristics
according to carl rogers, what is the motivating force behing personality development?
fulfillment
according to carl rogers, how do people maximise self concept?
self actualisation
answers given through self report measures are accepted at their face value and are quantitative. true/false?
true
which test helps to identify varieties of psychopathology?
MMPI
what problems can self report measures suffer from?
social desirability and acquiescence
stimuli used in projective techniques are properly defined and structures. true/false?
false, they are fully instructured and poorly defined
projective techniques can be scored objectively. true/false?
false
what are the two stages of rorschach inkblot test?
performance proper and inquiry
projective tecniques is a direct personality assessment. true/false?
false, it is an indirect pers. assessment
what is a drawback of projective techniques?
there are problems associated with reliability of scoring and validity of the tests
