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meeting life challenges Flashcards

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1
Q

Is there any advantage of stress?

A

Yes, one advantage is that it increases the probability of one’s survival.

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2
Q

All types of stress are inheritantly bad or destructive. State ture or false.

A

False, eustress is a positive stress that can be our asset

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3
Q

mention keywords for eustress and distress.

A

Eustress - level of stress good for you, asset to achieve goals and deal with problems.
distress - causes bodily wear and tear.

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4
Q

what is the origin of the word ‘stress’?

A

latin word ‘strictus’ and ‘stringere’

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5
Q

what does strictus and stringere mean?

A

strictus means tight or narrow

stringere means to tighten

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6
Q

whaqt are stressors?

A

they cause our body to give stress response.

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7
Q

what are the ractions to stressors called?

A

strain

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8
Q

who is the father of modern stress research?

A

hans selye

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9
Q

hans selye claimed that stress repsonse was specific to different situations. True or False?

A

False, he said that response was ‘non specific’ to any demand.

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10
Q

stress is a part of an individual or their envirnment. True or false?

A

false, stress is a part of a process where individuals interact and apprais their social and cultural envirnment and attemp to cope with the issues arising.

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11
Q

What is the nature of stress?

A

dynamic

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12
Q

Which theory was propunded by lazarus? which process was derived from this theory?

A

cognitive theory of stress.

the stress process.

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13
Q

what are the three possible appraisals in primary appraisal?

A

+ve, nuetral or negative.

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14
Q

what do you think is the difference between harm and threat?

A

harm is assessment of damage and threat is the assessment of posssible future damage.

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15
Q

what are the components of appraisal in case of a negative event in primary appraisal.

A

appraisal of harm, threat or challenge.

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16
Q

what can you say about challenge appraisal in a negative event?

A

confident expectations od the ability to cope, overcome or even profit from the event.

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17
Q

what are the factors that affect appraisal in the stress process?

A

past experiences and contrallable

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18
Q

sense of self confidence or efficacy can determine if a person will appraise a situation as threat or challenge. True/false.

A

true.

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19
Q

what are three types of stressors?

A

envirnmental, social and psychological.

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20
Q

what plays a key role at physiological level of stress response?

A

arousal.

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21
Q

which part of the brain comes into play during physioloigcal responses?

A

hypothalamus.

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22
Q

what are the two pathways taken by the hypothalamus during physiological reaction?

A

one path involves the autonomic nervous sytem in which the adrenal gland works and the other pathway involves the pitiutary gland.

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23
Q

what hormones are secreted into the bloodstream by the adrenal gland? what happens due to these hormones?

A

catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

changes similar to fight or flight are seen.

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24
Q

what hormone is secreted by the pitiutary gland? what happens then?

A

corticosteroid (cortisol)

it provides energy.

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25
Q

which stress reponse if limitless?

A

behavioural response

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26
Q

what are the two categories in behvioral response?

A

Confronting the stressor directly (fight)

withdrawal (flight)

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27
Q

on what grounds can stresses vary?

A

intensity, predictability, duration, complexity

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28
Q

physical and envirnmental, psychological or social stresses are not related. True/false?

A

false, they are interrelated.

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29
Q

give an example of a type of stress that is out of your control?

A

envirnmental stresses.

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30
Q

what are some of the sources in psychological stresss?

A

Frustration, conflicts, internal pressures and social pressures.

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31
Q

write short note on the sources of psychological stress.

A

frustration - blocking of needs or motives that wll help us achieve a goal.
conflicts - clashing between two or more incompatible needs or motives.
inner pressure - our expectations from ourselves.
social pressure - people’s expectations and demands from us.

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32
Q

our life changes constantly, so why do some life events affect us more than others?

A

major life events can disturb our routine and cause upheaval.

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33
Q

who developed a life event measure of stress?

A

holmes and rahe

34
Q

who developed the indian version of presumptive stressful life events ?

A

Singh, kaur and kaur

35
Q

what is the mean number of stressful life events that don’t produce overt physical or mental illness?

A

2

36
Q

there is a strong association between life events and stress. True/false?

A

false, correlation between life events and susceptibility to any particular illness is low.

37
Q

what are the factors you need to keep in mind while evaluating the relationship between life events and an illness episode?

A

age at which event was experienced, duration of event, frequency of occurence and social support.

38
Q

what are the characteristics of examination anxiety?

A

evaluative stress and evaluative apprehension.

39
Q

what role does stress play in physical illness?

A

50-70%

40
Q

how many medical visits are related to symptoms of stress?

A

60%

41
Q

How many stages does general adaptative syndrome have?

A

alarm reaction, resistance and exhaustion.

42
Q

write the steps of the alarm reaction stage of GAS.

A

exposure to stressor—> activation of adrenal-pitiutary-cortex system—> hormone secretion that produces stress response —> individual is ready for fight or flight.

43
Q

what are the steps of the resistance stage?

A

if stress is prolonged, this stage begins—> parasympathetic nervous system calls for a more cautious use of body resources—> organism tries to cope with the threat as through confrontation.

44
Q

write the steps of the exhaustion stage.

A

continued exposure to same stressor or additional stressors that drain the body of is resources lead to this stage—> physiological systems in alarm reaction and resistance become ineffective—> susceptibility to stress related diseases becomes more likely.

45
Q

What is the criticm of the general adaptative syndrome?

A

Hans selye assinged a very limited role to psychological factors. Psychological appraisal is important because how people react to stressors depends onh their perception of that stressor.

46
Q

what does psychoneuroimmunology focus on?

A

links between the mind, brain and immune system.

47
Q

what is another name of WBCs?

A

leucocytes.

48
Q

what do leococytes destroy and what do they produce?

A

they destroy anitgens like viruses and produce antibodies.

49
Q

what are the kinds of leucocytes?

A

T cells, B cells and natural killer cells.

50
Q

what does the T cells and T helper cells do?

A

T cells destroy invaders and T helper cells increase immunological activity.

51
Q

if the Human Immuno Deficiency Virus enters the body, what does it attack first?

A

T helper cells.

52
Q

What does HIV cause?

A

AIDS

53
Q

what do the B cells do?

A

produce antibodies

54
Q

what do the natural killer cells do?

A

fight against vurises and tumours.

55
Q

which WBC is affected by stress?

A

natural killer cell cytotoxicity

56
Q

what kind of people show low levels of natural killer cell cytotoxicity?

A

people who are highly stressed.

57
Q

what are the agents that cause physical illness?

A

pathogens

58
Q

what can you say about someone with poor coping strategies?

A

they have an impaired immune system and diminished activity of natural killer cells.

59
Q

who gave the three coping strategies?

A

Endler and Parker

60
Q

what kind of a process is coping?

A

dynamic process

61
Q

who calimed that coping was a dynaic process?

A

lazarus and folkman

62
Q

according to research, people adopt which coping strategy more? problem focussed or emotional focussed?

A

probelm focused.

63
Q

what are the three staes of biofeedback?

A
  1. being aware of the physiological response
  2. learning ways to control it in quiet conditions
  3. transferring that control into the conditions of real life
64
Q

name a training and its developer under the cognitive behavioral technique.

A

Stress inoculation training developed by Meichenbaum

65
Q

what are the three stages of stress inoculation training?

A

assessment , stress reduction techniques and application and follow through

66
Q

what can be an active outlet of phsiological arousal in response to stress?

A

excercise

67
Q

who did the research for hardiness?

A

kobasa

68
Q

what did kobasa observe?

A

people with high levels of stress but low levels of illness share characteristics which are referred to as the personality traits of hardiness.

69
Q

what are the three Cs of kobasa?

A

Commitment, control and challenge

70
Q

is there a correlation between assertiveness and self esteem?

A

yes, being assertive indicates a high self esteem

71
Q

what is the main principle of time management?

A

spend your time in doign things that you value or things that will help you achieve your goal

72
Q

what is the key to a healthy relationship?

A

communication

73
Q

what are the essential skills of communication?

A
  1. listening to what the othe person is saying
  2. expressing how you feel and what you think
  3. accepting other people’s opions or feelings even if they are different from your own.
74
Q

health is the absence of disease or illness. True/false?

A

false. Health is a state of complete physical, mental, social and spiritual well being

75
Q

what are the resources of resilience?

A

I HAVE
I AM
I CAN

76
Q

what do you understand by the resources of resilience?

A

I HAVE - social and interpersonal strengths.
I AM - inner strength
I CAN - interpersonal and problem solving skills

77
Q

which type of exercise increases the arousal level in our body?

A

aerobic exercises

78
Q

Name the quality and quantity of social support.

A

quality - perceived support

quantity - social network

79
Q

what are the three types of social support?

A

tangible, informational and emotional

80
Q

social support has mental health benefits only for the receiver. True/false?

A

false, mental health benefits are for both giver and reciever.

Psychology (3 decks)

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