self

Question 1

self knowledge

Answer 1

comes from: (1) introspection, (2) self-perception, (3) influence of other people

Question 2

self concept

Answer 2

self schemas, mental structure that helps you organize information for/about yourself

Question 3

interdependent view of self

Answer 3

emphasis on what makes us unique and special
priority on individual achievement and potential

Question 4

independent view of self

Answer 4

emphasis on connectedness between people, fabric of society
priority on harmony, relatedness

Question 5

introspection

Answer 5

the act of looking within yourself, why do you do what you do?

Question 6

NISBETT AND WILSON (1977)

Answer 6

“Telling more than we know”
asking people which 1 of 4 nylon stockings is their fav.
all the stockings were the same but everyone has reason
majority picked the last of the 4 pairs (about 80%)
positioning of something affects choice.
people deny that positioning affects their choice.

Question 7

self perception

Answer 7

draw conclusions about ourselves through self observation

Question 8

self-perception theory

Answer 8

people determine their attitudes and preferences by interpreting the meaning of their own behavior

Question 9

schacter-singer two factor theory of emotion

Answer 9

emotional experience is the result of a two step self-perception process: (1) experience arousal, (2) seek appropriate explanation for that arousal.

Question 10

intrinsic motivation

Answer 10

motivation originating from within a person

Question 11

extrinsic motivation

Answer 11

motivation originating from outside a person

Question 12

over-justification effect

Answer 12

external incentive decreases a person intrinsic motivation to perform a behavior

Question 13

social comparison theory

Answer 13

the idea that individuals determine their own social/personal worth based on how they stack up against others.

Question 14

Social tuning

Answer 14

process whereby people adopt other people’s attitudes, particularly strong in situations where someone really wants to be liked.

Question 15

self esteem

Answer 15

people have a need for high self esteem, and want to see themselves in a positive light, correlated with positive wellbeing, productiveness, and success. People with low self esteem, often find themselves caught in a vicious cycle of self defeating behavior.

Question 16

social identity theory

Answer 16

people are motivated to maintain a positive self-concept, a significant part of our self concept derives from identifying with social groups, people strive to maintain positive self-esteem, by differentiating between the in-group and the out groups in a way that will make the in-group more attractive.

Question 17

self discrepancy theory

Answer 17

actual self – representation of attributes you actually posses. out self – representation of attributes you believe you should posses. ideal self – representation of attributes you would ideally like to posses. Self esteem is defined by the match/mismatch between how we see ourselves (actual self) and how we want to see ourselves (self-guides). Large self discrepancies are associated with negative emotional states.

Question 18

self guide

Answer 18

specific image/standard to live up to, used for self-regulation

Question 19

self awareness

Answer 19

conscious knowledge of ones own character, feelings, motives, and desires, certain situations increase self awareness. Ex: mirrors, cameras, etc.

Question 20

self awareness theory

Answer 20

noticing ourselves and our behavior leads us to judging our behavior according to our internal standards.

Question 21

self-enhancement

Answer 21

strategy for protecting self esteem, made of 4 strategies: (1) basking in reflected glory – to raise our self esteem we often bask in reflected glory by associating with others that are successful and distance ourselves form others who fail or are of low status. (2) self serving cognitions – self serving bias, positive illusions, self deception or self enhancement to feel good. (3) self handicapping – behaviors designed to sabotages ones own performance in order to provide a subsequent excuse for failure. (4) downward social comparison – making comparisons with other people’s worse lives.

Question 22

sandbagging

Answer 22

downplaying own ability/success