Selective toxicity mechanisms Flashcards
how can drugs be organ specific
-the organ possesses physiological and anatomical attributes - possession of cell-specific metabolic and transport processes
what is the triple whanny
combination of a diuretic, ACE inhibitor and an NSAID –> can lead to acute renal failure
what enzyme does methotrexate resemble
dihydrofolate reductase
how does the structure of the nephron lead to relative hypoxia in the medulla
because the structure leads to a situation where oxygen can pass from arterial to venous side of the circulation (counter-current exchange) - lowering oxygen concentration in the renal medulla
what is the difference in action of methotrexate in low and large doses
lower doses - cytotoxic immunosuppressant higher doses - cytotoxic anticancer agent
methotrexate resembles
folic acid
what enzyme does trimethorprim inhibit
dihydrofolate reductase
the action of sulfanilamide relies on the fact that it resembles
folic acid (precursor of DNA)
how does the triple whammy lead to acute renal failure
because of the prostaglandin-mediated vasodilation that preserving renal blood flow being inhibited
what are the levels in which a drug can be selective
species level cell level organ level
toxicity of gentamycin and other aminoglycosides
nephrotoxicity - in people with prolonged exposure (generally reversible) ototoxicity - less frequent - deafness and/or vertigo (generally permanent)
Which enzyme does sulfanilamide inhibit
dihydropteroate synthase
