Selective Breeding Flashcards

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1
Q

What is selective Breeding?

A

The process by which humans breed plants and animals for particular genetic characteristics

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2
Q

What are the steps to genetically breed?

A

1) Choose 2 patents with the desired characteristics from a mixed population
2) Breed these 2 together
3) From the offspring, choose those with the desired characteristics and breed them together
4) Repeat this process over many generations until all offspring show the desired charachteristics

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3
Q

What is variation and what are the differences?

A

Differences in the characteristics of individuals in a population is called variation

These differences can be:

  • The genes they have inherited (genetic causes)
  • The conditions in which they have developed (environmental causes)
  • A combination of genes and the environment
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4
Q

What is the human genome?

A

The genome of an organisms is the entire genetic material of that organism ( contains 21,000 genes)

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5
Q

What is DNA?

A

A chemical found in the nucleus of a cell. It is double stranded and a double helix molecule

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6
Q

Why would scientists study the human genome?

A
  • To search for genes linked to types of diseases

- To understand and be able to treat inherited disorders

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7
Q

What is genetic screening?

A

Involves undergoing tests to discover person/embryonhas a gentic disorder or carrying a faulty allele

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8
Q

How can embryos be genetically tested?

A

It can be done by:

  • Amniocentesis
  • analysing foetal cells found in the mothers blood
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9
Q

What are the advantages for genetic testing?

A
  • You can decide whether or not to have children or continue with the pregnancy
  • Can plan ahead and get treatment for the condition (save money)
  • They will know of there is a possibility of getting ill in the future
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10
Q

What are the disadvantages of getting genetically screened?

A
  • Risk of miscarriage or harm to the mother or foetus
  • Tests may not be 100% accurate
  • screening is expensive
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11
Q

What is evolution ?

A

A change in the inherited characteristics of a population over time through a process of natural selection

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12
Q

What is a species?

A

A species is a group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring

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13
Q

What are the advantages of selective breeding?

A
  • It can produce animals and plants with desired characteristics
  • It can increase production of milk/meat from cattle (increased profits for farmers
  • Disease resistant crops produced
  • Can produce domesticated animals with gentle nature so they can be kept as pets (eg. Labradoodle)
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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of selective breeding?

A
  • May force anumals to inbreed due to the small pool of genes
  • Ethical issues as they do not breed naturally
  • Reduces variation
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15
Q

What is the definition of extinction?

A

Extinctions occur when there are no remaining individuals of species still alive

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16
Q

Name 5 causes of extinction

A
  • Habitat destruction
  • Diseases that cannot be cured
  • Climate change
  • Fishing and hunting
  • Food chain