Selecting And Using Participants

Question 0

Give an advantage and disadvantage of random sampling?

Answer 0

Adv-‘fair’ everyone has an equal chance of being selected so is likely to be representative
Dis-

Question 1

Give an advantage and a disadvantage of opportunity sampling?

Answer 1

Adv-quick and practical way of getting a sample

Dis-unlikely to be representative of a target group or population as a whole. Can’t generalise findings

Question 2

Give an advantage and a disadvantage of volunteer sampling?

Answer 2

Adv-a large number of people may reply allowing a more in depth analysis and more accurate statistical results
Dis-no one else would have the chance of being selected and volunteers may be more cooperative and passionate to do the study

Question 3

What is the Hawthorne effect?

Answer 3

People try harder and give a more positive response when they’re more interested in something. This means their results are artificially high which makes researchers conclusions inaccurate

Question 4

What are demand characteristics?

Answer 4

When participants form an idea about the purpose of the study and give a response they think the researcher expects to please them

Question 5

What is social desirability?

Answer 5

When people give more socially acceptable answers instead of being truthful

Question 6

What is researcher bias?

Answer 6

Researchers expectations can influence how they design their study and how they behave towards participants which may produce demand characteristics

Question 7

What are interviewer effects?

Answer 7

Interviewers expectations may lead them to ask only questions about what they are interested in or to ask leading questions or focus on answers that fit their expectations