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SAM > Seizures in Cats > Flashcards

Seizures in Cats Flashcards

1
Q

About 50% of cats have what type of seizures?

A

Non-convulsive seizures

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2
Q

What are 3 examples of non-convulsive seizures?

A
  • Mild generalized seizures
  • Partial seizures
  • Complex focal seizures
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3
Q

What are 2 conditions owners may confuse seizures with?

A
  • Normal estrus behavior in intact females

- Feline hyperesthesia syndrome

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4
Q

Cats may have episodes of what 2 clinical signs?

A
  • Face twitching

- Blank staring

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5
Q

When cats have generalized tonic-clonic seizures they may be what?

A

Very violent and may become quite agitated and aggressive.

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6
Q

Idiopathic epilepsy occurs in cats of what age range?

A

1-5 years of age

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7
Q

What percentage of cats have symptomatic epilepsy?

A

50%

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8
Q

What percentage of dogs have symptomatic epilepsy?

A

20%

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9
Q

In which species is there a higher percentage of symptomatic epilepsy seen, dogs or cats?

A

Cats

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10
Q

In which species is idiopathic epilepsy less common, cats or dogs?

A

Cats

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11
Q

Veterinarians should conduct what with cats that have recurring seizures?

A

More aggressive diagnostic evaluation.

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12
Q

What are 5 examples of diagnostic evaluations used in cats with seizures?

A
  • CBC
  • Chemistry profile
  • Bile acids
  • Serum T4
  • FeLV/FIV testing
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13
Q

Persistent neurological deficits indicate a need for what?

A

Brain imaging and analysis of spinal fluid.

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14
Q

What are 3 circumstances where anticonvulsant therapy is considered in cats?

A
  • Seizures becoming more frequent
  • Status epilepticus/clusters of seizures
  • Seizures more often than every 12 weeks
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15
Q

What is the DOC for seizure control in cats?

A

Phenobarbital

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16
Q

What is a contraindication of phenobarbital use?

A

Liver disease

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17
Q

Is the initial maintenance oral dosage in cats lower or higher in cats when compared to dogs?
What is the dose?

A
  • Lower

- 2-2.5 mg/kg q 12h

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18
Q

What is the half-life of phenobarbital in cats?

A

40-50 hrs

19
Q

When is the steady state of phenobarbital reached in cats?

A

10-14 days

20
Q

What are 2 common clinical signs seen in cats with phenobarbital use?

A
  • Polyphagia

- Weight gain

21
Q

What are 2 clinical signs that may occur in cats on phenobarbital?

A
  • Bone marrow suppression

- Skin hypersensitivity reactions (pruritus)

22
Q

What side effect seen in dogs has not been reported in cats?

A

Liver toxicity

23
Q

When are serum levels of phenobarbital measured in cats?

What should also be measured at these times?

A
  • Measured 2 weeks after starting treatment then every 6 months.
  • Bile acids
24
Q

What is a contraindication of diazepam use in cats?

A

Liver disease

25
Q

Is hepatotoxicity a recognized side effect of diazepam in humans and dogs?

A

No

26
Q

What is sometimes given to cats to treat behavioral problems?

A

Oral diazepam

27
Q

What is a pre-treatment precaution for diazepam use in cats?

A

Evaluate liver function.

28
Q

What is the maintenance oral dosage for diazepam in cats?

A

0.5-1 mg/kg q 12 hrs

29
Q

When is the steady state of diazepam reached in cats?

A

4-5 days

30
Q

What is the therapeutic level of diazepam in cats trying to be reached?

A

0.5-0.7 ng/mL

31
Q

What is the formula for calculating a new dose?

A

New dosage = actual dosage/(actual diazepam concentration x desired diazepam concentration)

32
Q

When are 2 times liver function evaluated in cats on diazepam?

A
  • 1 week

- 1 month

33
Q

The use of what drug is not currently recommended for the treatment of epilepsy in cats due to there being no data on the efficacy or safety in cats?

A

Imepitoin

34
Q

What are 2 contraindications for the use of bromide in cats?

A
  • Feline asthma

- Renal insufficiency

35
Q

What is a difference in administration of bromide in cats compared to dogs?

A

Can be given in liquid form and put in food of cats.

36
Q

If urgent control is needed in cats, what type of dose should be given?
What is the dosage schedule?

A
  • Loading dose

- 500 mg/kg divided into 5 doses over 2 days to avoid vomiting

37
Q

When are 2 times bromide concentrations are measured in cats?

A
  • 2 days

- 2 months

38
Q

There is an association between bromide use in cats and what?

A

Onset of reversible idiosyncratic bronchial asthma-like condition

39
Q

Bromide use should be discontinued in cats if what 2 conditions develops?

A
  • Coughing

- Dyspnea

40
Q

What is the elimination half-life of bromide in cats?

A

11-21 days

41
Q

When is the steady state of bromide reached in cats?

A

8-15 weeks

42
Q

What is another drug that can be tried in cats if phenobarbital, diazepam and bromide do not work?

A

Levetiracetam

43
Q

Why are seizures not always readily recognized in cats?

A

Clinical features are much more variable than in dogs.

SAM (8 decks)

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