seizures (ictal phase/clinical manifestations)

Question 1

generalized

Answer 1

• loss of consciousness
• no aura
• no focal motor symptoms

Question 2

absence

Answer 2

• brief alteration in consciousness
• staring
• mild increase/decrease in muscular tone
• automatism (chewing, rapid eye blinking, lip smacking)
• no postictal phase (after seizure)
• 5-30 seconds

Question 3

tonic-clonic

Answer 3

*aura
*vocalized sudden cry from forced expiration
*loss of consciousness
*sterorous respirations
30-60 second tonic phase
*apnea & cyanosis may occur until the end of tonic phase
*clonic phase: rhythmic, synchronous, jerkey movements
*dilated pupils
*htn
*tachycardia
*bilateral babinski
*may bite tongue
*incontinent
*Postictal: fatigue, memory loss, headache, confusion (minutes to hours)
*lasts 3-5 minutes

Question 4

myoclonic

Answer 4

• quick symmetrical muscular, jerky movement of body, face, trunk extremity for entire body
• bilateral or unilateral
• violent (may fall and hit objects)
• impaired consciousness
• lasts seconds

Question 5

atonic (drop attack)

Answer 5

• abrupt loss of muscle tone (may fall and injure themselves)
• unconscious during episode
• short postictal phase: can resume activity
• lasts seconds