Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NEURO MOD > seizures, epilepsy > Flashcards

seizures, epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

define epilepsy

A

2 unprovoked/unpredicted seizures w/ neuronal activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how are seizures classified?

A

by onset and spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Compare focal/partial and general seizures

A

focal– one hemisphere or lobe; may or may not lose consciousness
general–both hemispheres + lose consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the two types of focal/partial seizures?

A

simple partial seizures
complex partial seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Differentiate between simple & complex partial seizures

A

simple partial remains conscious
complex partial is impaired consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Shared characteristics of focal/partial seizures

A

strange sensations including visual hallucinations
rhythmic jerking movements
Jacksonian march– spreading to other muscles
could have todd’s paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

characteristics specific to complex partial seizures

A

behavioral arrest or staring < 3 mins where person is unaware/unresponsive
automatism–repetitive behavior
olfactory hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Secondarily generalized seizure

A

started out as partial seizures that became generalized
ie. it started out in one lobe and moved to the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List the 6 Primarily generalized seizures

A

atonic
tonic
tonic-clonic
myoclonic
absence
atypical absence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does a Tonic seizure look like?

A

muscles become STIFF/FLEXED and person falls BACKWARD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does an Atonic seizure look like?

A

muscles become RELAXED and person falls FORWARD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does Tonic-clonic look like?

A

muscle tenses up (tonic phase) then contracts & relax (convulse)
eyes stay open w/ loss of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does myoclonic look like?

A

short muscle twitches
no loss of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how are absence seizures diagnosed?

A

EEG!
NO imaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do absence seizures look like?

A

person lose & regain consciousness– blank stare w/ pause
NO postictal phase
happens in kids a lot but they grow out of it
eg. they suddenly stop walking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the first and second line medications for absence seizures?

A
  1. Ethosuximide
  2. Valproic acid
17
Q

what is status epilepticus?

A

seizure >5 mins OR multiple seizures w/o going back to normal in between
usually tonic-clonic
this is a medical emergency

18
Q

how do you treat status epilepticus

A

BZD– they enhance inhibitory effects of GABA

19
Q

what are some sx AFTER seizures?

A

postictal confusion
todd’s paralysis

20
Q

Define todd’s paralysis (paresis)

A

unilateral limb paralysis that lasts about 15 hrs and goes away in 2 days

21
Q

what are methods of diagnosing epilepsy

A

Hx– can diagnose using event hx alone
brain imaging to look for abnormalities after first seizure (MRI, CT)
EEG for electrical signals (for epilepsy syndromes)

22
Q

what is the most common generalized seizure?

A

tonic-clonic seizure

23
Q

Benign Febrile Seizure

A

generalized seizure (tonic-clonic) + fever in kid under 5yo lasting under 15mins
not caused by CNS infection

24
Q

how do you diagnose Benign Febrile Seizure?

A

no imagine
diagnose cause of the fever

25
Q

which seizures have postictal phase

A

tonic-clonic

26
Q

which seizures DON’T involve loss of consciousness

A

simple partial
atonic
myoclonic

27
Q

which seizures can be diagnosed w/ Neuroimaging?

A

focal seizures (esp if first one)
MOST generalized seizures
status epilepticus

28
Q

which seizures do you not need neuroimaging?

A

absence
myoclonic
juvenile seizure

29
Q

how do you decide between CT and MRI

A

CT is for acute syndromes or trauma
MRI is the epilepsy protocol; its the best option unless you’re short on time

30
Q

what lab studies are associated w/ generalized seizures

A

elevated CK and lactate

31
Q

How are EEGs used?

A

its diagnosis for absence seizure
adds to prognosis after single seizure and defining epilepsy syndrome

32
Q

when to treat seizuers

A

one provoked seizure
one unprovoked seizure w/ abnormal EEG or structural cause
2+ unprovoked seizures

33
Q

name some imitators of seizures

A

Psychogenic nonepileptic events (PNES)
convulsive syncope
migraines
clonus
malingering

34
Q

what is psychogenic nonepileptic events and how is it diagnosed?

A

PNES is done as diagnosis of exclusion
biting TIP of tongue, CLOSED eyes, pelvic thrusting, back arching
sx > 2 mins

NEURO MOD (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions